Pojman's main problem is that affirmative action puts blacks and women against young white males. He argues that using strong affirmative action, that is the use of quotas to reach "proportionate representation in each area of society,"(375) America is simply using reverse discrimination. He cites a personal example of when he was offered a job. After discovering he was not black, the university he was applying to chose a better-qualified person to fill the position. Pojman also raises the issue that there will need to be a "New Affirmative Action policy in the 21st century to compensate for the discrimination against White Males in the late 20th century."(378) It is clear Pojman, being a white male, resents affirmative action.

As said before, Pojman seems only concerned with making affirmative action a black vs. white issue. It goes much deeper than just black and white. Pojman has not considered the positive results Affirmative Action has yielded for this country; therefore I find that his argument is flawed.

To understand Singer's argument we must first define what Hardin means by "lifeboat ethics." Those in the lifeboat face three choices. They can try to pick up all those in the water, which will overload and swamp the lifeboat. They can try to pick up as many as the lifeboat will hold, even though this diminishes their own chances of survival by reducing their margin of safety. Or they can fend off those in the water, and row away. Hardin suggests the last option - rowing away - as the most realistic choice for the industrialized nations. This is harsh, he acknowledges, and may be perceived as unjust. But he suggests that those who disagree with the choice can trade places with those in the water. In real terms, he recommends that the US and other nations cease giving food aid to poor nations, because access to that food simply allows the population to increase further, making the ultimate outcome of starvation and tragedy that much larger in scale, but no less inevitable.

Singer does not address the issue of where all this money should come from in helping the other countries. I assume he is talking about the industrialized nations of the world helping the third world countries. What would happ

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Approximate Word count = 1011
Approximate Pages = 4 (250 words per page double spaced)