The discontent in China was rooted in problems, which arose during the early twentieth century. In addition to this the CCP was able to use the situation in order to give people hope as well as help, which won the majority to the communist side. Until the early twentieth century, China's rule was based on dynasties, which followed the Confucian theories. The Chinese thought of their nation as 'Zhongguo'-the

During the Sino- Japanese War of 1937-45, within 3 months Shanghai and Nanjing had fallen, showing GMD's useless leadership skills and lack of tactics and efficient battle experience, against Japanese harsh, better equipped and organized attacks. The retreat of GMD's local officials to Chongqing exposed large areas of China to CCP influence. Chiang, being a military dictator, believed that China's unity could only be achieved by force of arms and overthrow of those, who resisted nationalist government, including primarily the communists and only later warlords and finally the Japanese. To make up their economic losses and to lessen the inflation, the Guomindang introduced a system of taxes and credit in the countryside. These were extremely unfair and they contributed to the increase of discontent among the people. The land rent, which was to be paid by the peasants, made up 45% of their total harvest. If the rent was not paid, farmers were likely to wind up in prison because landlords were strongly supported by law. Also, when collecting the land taxes, the tax collector was often free to charge whatever the peasants could afford, because they did not know what the legal rate was. This reflects how distant Chiang's legal and financial and legal system was from the peasants, which made up 90% of the population. It can be concluded, that within the GMD government there was no, after Sun, no interest in a social revolution and those reforms were made, had little effect outside larger towns or the welfare of the majority of the population. Thus, initial support for GMD was alienated as the Chinese still looked for a solution not only to their social, political and economic problems but also to the expulsion of the Japanese invaders. A very important factor in determining the success for the CCP was in fact their policies and actions they introduced during the Japanese war and in the areas they controlled. After WWI, the Chinese economy began to experience a crisis. The wartime demand for Chinese products, currency manipulations (internationally in the 1920's) as well as the world depression in the 1930's, all contributed to the unbearable situation.

On 1 January 1912 Sun Yatsen (a member of Tongmenghui) was announced the provincial president of the Republic of China. Still, he was forced to resign from the provisional presidency because of Yuan Shikai, who organized the abdication of the Qing emperor in return for his own appointment as president of the republic. Also in 1912, a new revolutionary party was formed. This party, called the Guomindang, believed in parliamentary democracy and the principle of electing the officials. Because Yuan disagreed with GMD's ideas, he outlawed it in 1913. One year later WWI broke out in Europe and Japan took advantage of the outbreak. By 1915, they invaded Quingdao and confronted Yuan Shikai with a list of twenty-one demands, to some extend controlling and influencing the economic situation on China. These demands were not only exceptionally harmful to the economy but they were also seen as extreme humiliations to the Chinese people. In 1916, after Yuan's death, Sun Yatsen took over the nation. He promoted modernization and the 'revolt against obedience'. When the First World War ended the Chinese assumed their allies would reward them. Due to rejection of the award, they developed a New Culture movement, which was pro democracy and education, but rejected Confucianism and 'old ways'. Furthermore, they declined the democratic systems of Great Britain and France. In 1919, when at Versailles the allies decided not to reward China, the people were outraged. A rebellion, called May 4th Movement took place, demanding a more Socialist system. At this stage, the Soviet regimes and their withdrawal from the war started to appear to the Chinese. Two years after the signing of the Treaty, in 1921, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was set up in Beijing and Paris, with leaders Mao Zedong

Some common words found in the essay are:
Communist Party, China CCP, World War, Nationalists Communists, Western Chinese, China Indeed, Republic China, China GMD, Civil War, Yuan Shikai, japanese war, civil war, republic china, communists able, mao zedong, people china, people's livelihood, sun yatsen's, ccp able, twentieth century, communists able power, chinese communist party, peoples republic china, japanese war 1937-45,
Approximate Word count = 3219
Approximate Pages = 13 (250 words per page double spaced)