On April 28, 1978, the regime of President Mohammad Daoud ended violently. Military units raided the Presidential Palace, in Kabul. Killed the president and most members of his family.

All happened after the assassination of Mir Akbar Khyber, April 17, a Marxist ideologue a member of the Parcham faction of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan. (PDPA) was a Marxist-oriented party. On April 19 the party organized a mass rally and march in the honor of Khyber's funeral. Marched through the streets of Kabul and shouted anti-American slogans in front of the United States embassy. President Daoud ordered the arrest of seven top PDPA leaders. The PDPA Central committee member Hafizullah Amin was placed under house arrest shortly. He planed a coup d'etat. PDPA leaders were liberated from a government prison. The plan for the April coup, according to Amin in a press

Amin was born in 1921, in Paghman, a town near Kabul. His father was a minor civil servant. After study mathematic and physics at Kabul University, he became a high school teacher and later promoted to the principal position. In 1957, through a scholarship he went to study at Teacher's College at Columbia University, in New York. He returned for further studies and that time he joined with students who were interested in Marxism.

The PDPA leaders established the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, with Nur Muhammad Taraki as president of the Revolutionary Council and prime minister. He had no strong links with tribes or ethnic groups in any part of the country. He and his Marxist party proved greatly insensitive in dealing with rural communities and ignored their deeply rooted traditions and their strong relligious orientation. A major revolt in Nuristan province a few months later was the first step in an insurgency that gradually spread across the entire country. Mas oppression was instituted to control it. Differences between the PDPA's two factions increased, and in Parchami leaders Karmal and Muhamad Najibulla were dismissed and sent to Eastern Europe.

Amin, in early 1979 took over Taraki's duties as prime, killed Taraki and took the complete power. The resort to mass imprisonment and killing of opponents continued. Fundamentalist Moslem leaders, fired because of a religious revolution in Iran, reacted against the atheistic policies of the Khalqi leaders. The mass imprisonments and indiscriminate executions, outraged the population. Many soldiers took their arms join the resistance (Clifford pg. 100)

*Karmal, was born in 1929, a member of the social and political elite. He was a son of General Muhammad Hussain Khan, who served as governor of Pakita P

Some common words found in the essay are:
Afghanistan West, Pakistan Iran, Revolutionary Council, PDPA Marxist-oriented, Karmal Khalq's, Hafizullah Amin, Kabul University, Fundamentalist Moslem, British India, Finally December, pdpa leaders, primarily pashtuns recruited, khalq's followers primarily, khalq's followers, mir akbar khyber, followers primarily, pashtuns recruited, close ties, marxist-oriented party, kabul university, pdpa marxist-oriented party, mir akbar, followers primarily pashtuns, pdpa marxist-oriented, akbar khyber,
Approximate Word count = 1195
Approximate Pages = 5 (250 words per page double spaced)