In 1918, the Ottoman Turks were already independent, and consequently the allies (the United States, Great Britain, and France) wanted to make them pay. They were going to divide the Turkish territory among themselves. These were the conditions in Turkey at the time. The Turks' feelings about being split up between the allies and the Greeks were very simple. Obviously they didn't agree. They wanted to remain independent and not be subjects of anyone else. So they elected Mustafa Kemal, who was considered a major hero to the Turks for capturing the Galippity Peninsula, was elected to be leader and ignored what the Sultan in Constantinople was saying, and they formed their own government.

In 1923, the Turks defeated the Greeks and Britain and France decided to not send any force over and engage in any other war with the Turks. Simply because the British and the French were totally exhausted from WWI. They no longer had the same energy or power. Getting thems

elves involved in another war was the last thing they wanted to do. So they negotiated with Kemal a completely new set of treaties.

Gandhi preached passive resistance even in the face of death and lead a revolution without guns nor violence. His basic idea was to disobey unjust laws in a just way. Gandhi was the first since Jesus to preach non-violence and non-violent protest and resistance. Gandhi said if you obey oppressive, unjust laws, you are degrading yourself. Non-violence was productive he said. Violence achieved nothing, it only increases the problem. Gandhi preached return good with evil, not evil with evil. His basic idea was practicing civil disobedience and passive resistance requires tremendous amount of faith.

Lastly, Kemal established new laws, saying that women were no longer forced to wear the veil, the mark under Muslim customs of their seclusion from public life. In traditional Islam society, women couldn't show themselves in public to keep men holy and prevent impure thoughts from entering men's minds. Kemal did away with this. Wome

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