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The European scene at the beginning of the eighteenth century is much different than it is today. Densely populated cities in countries such as England and France were merely farm towns two hundred years ago. What caused what used to be cultivated open fields to turn into populous towns? These question can all be answered and explained by the Industrial Revolution. The word 'revolution' implies a suddenness of change that is not, in fact, characteristic of economic processes. But the phrase "Industrial Revolution" has long been used by historians and has become embedded in common speech (Ashton 2). A revolution implied by historians is just a change of the old way, not necessarily a fast change, or a violent overthrow. England's Industrial Revolution does not have set dates. It is said that England's Industrial Revolution began around 1780 with Britain's prosperous colonies and expanding Atlantic economy. Some critics claim that there wasn't an industrial revolution, and some challenge the naming of the period. In Phyllis Deane's book, The First Industrial Revolution, she outlines three main points in which an economy which experienced an industrial revolution differs from its pre-industrialized counterpart. This essay will us
Britain couldn't have supported an industrial revolution without the help of the railroads. In 1830 England had approximately twenty thousand miles of turnpike roads. There were also 4670 miles of canals and improved rivers (Dietz 42). The decade after 1830 witnessed the building of many short stretches of important lines, and by 1840 nearly eight hundred miles of railroad had been built in England. A veritable railroad mania swept the country; by 1850 over six thousand miles were built in great Britain and, by 1879, fifteen thousand miles (Dietz 45). It is generally agreed, then, that Britain had been through an industrial revolution by the middle of the nineteenth century, though the revolution had by no means worked itself out. This essay listed three points that show that Britain's industry had differed 150 years prior to its pre-industrial counterpart. The three parts are industrial and social structure, productivity and an increase in the standards of living associated with higher productivity, and in its rates of economic growth. The British government, along with the banks, helped the revolution take place. This essay also looked at the importance of inventions and innovations that allowed and propelled Britain's industrial revolution. Without the invention of the steam engine, or the increase production allowed by the spinning wheel, the Industrial Revolution could not have taken place. Building on technical breakthroughs, power-driven equipment, and large-scale enterprise, the Industrial Revolution in England greatly increased output in certain radically altered industries, stimulated the large handicraft and commercial sectors, and speeded up overall economic growth (McKay 749). Ashton, T.S. The Industrial Revolution. London: Oxford University Press, 1948. Dietz, Frederick Charles. The Industrial Revolution. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1927. e Deane's three main points and prove that there was a revolution and the timing and naming are all appropriate. Rates of growth are the final signs that a country underwent an industrial revolution. Population, national output and incomes per head were all growing faster than they had done in the pre-industrial era and they were growing continuously. For industrial production the peak rate of growth was reached in the 1920's and the 1830's. For exports the peak rate came in the period 1846-1856, when the volume of British domestic exports more than doubled in less than a decade (Deane 270). Deane explains that there are three main fa
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Approximate Word count = 1698
Approximate Pages = 7 (250 words per page double spaced)
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