There are three main techniques in cloning. Each group of researchers has its own specific technique. The best known is the Roslin technique, and the most effective and most recently developed is the Honolulu technique. None of these techniques have been proven to have a high success rate. The most promising technique, Honolulu, only has a 3:100 success rate.

Nuclear Transfer-All cloning experiments of adult mammals have used a variation of nuclear transfer. Nuclear transfer requires two cells, a donor cell , and an unfertilized egg cell. The donor cell is forced into a dormant stage and the nucleus is then transplanted into the egg cell. The egg cell is then stimulated to create an embryo and is then transplanted into a surrogate mother . Occasionally a clone of the donor will be born.

Roslin Technique-The technique used to create Dolly is known as the Roslin technique. A donor cell is starved in a petri dish containing few nutrients. T

Any clone that makes it through adolescents will without a doubt have a huge navel. All clones so far have had this feature due to the oversized umbilical cord that always develops during these pregnancies. "If there were cloned human being, you'd be able to recognize them at the beach - they'd be the ones with navels that are two to three times the normal size" said Michael West, president and chief executive of Advanced Cell Technology Inc.

Human Cloning- Human cloning could allow infertile couples to have children. Parents who want to have children who are biologically related might opt to have clone of either parent or perhaps of another relative. Parents could also use cloning to produce offspring free of certain genetic diseases. For instance, if brain cancer is very common in a family, the parents could have that gene replaced with a normal gene.

Between 600 and 700 couples have already registered to take part in the experiment and the numbers are rising rapidly. At the head of the group is Dr. Panayiotis Zavos an American reproductive scientist. Zavos is working with Italian Dr. Severino Antinori and Israeli Ali Ben Abraham. Antinori is best known for helping a 62-year-old woman give birth. According to him cloning a human is the next step. He hopes to use cloning as a way to overcome male sterility. In January of this year Antinori told the press that he and his team plan to clone a human by the year 2003. Religious groups saying that cloning is "not in god's will" have heavily criticized the plan. Zavos replied with, "If you want a country run by religion move to Iran." The Vatican described this plan as being "grotesque." Zavos' credentials have also been questioned. While he has more than 20 years of experience in reproductive medicine, he claims on one of his Web sites to be a member of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, which the society claims to be untrue. He recently resigned from the University of Kentucky to join the cloning venture.

The strongest argument in favor of cloning is that it would allow infertile couples to have children. "U.S. legal experts claim that preventing a couple from choosing cloning as a method of reproduction would be unconstitutional" (World Book 2001). Cloning could shed light on how genes work. This would enable scientists to find new treatments for genetic diseases. As far as cloning not being 'safe', it has the same risks as a number of medical procedures. Liver transplants for example, have a relatively low success rate but nobody wants to stop those.

Animal Cloning-The scientists who created Dolly plan to clone a hen that can lay "golden" eggs that are rich in proteins to fight human cancer. Clones could also be used to produce a wide variety of proteins that could be sold as drugs. Medical researchers hope to use clones to provid

Some common words found in the essay are:
McGee Cloning, Clones According, Cloning Scientists, Ian Wilmut, Animal Cloning-The, Nuclear Transfer-All, Bioethical Concerns, Rome's Gemelli, Honolulu Technique-This, Cloning- Human, human cloning, egg cell, donor cell, surrogate mother, success rate, ian wilmut, transplanted surrogate mother, reproductive medicine, allow infertile, roslin technique, allow infertile couples, infertile couples, cloning allow infertile, embryo transplanted surrogate, proven success rate,
Approximate Word count = 1922
Approximate Pages = 8 (250 words per page double spaced)