the name of Samuel Holdheim. He was born in 1806 in Kempo in the

province of Posen. At a young age he studied at a yeshiva and received

a Talmudic education. He began to study German and secular subjects

after his marriage to a woman with a modern education. After their

divorce several years later, he began studying at the University of

Prague and Berlin and received a doctorate from the University of

Leipzig. Following service in Frankfurt -Am-Oder he became a

Landesrabbiner or chief Rabbi of Mecklenberg-Schewerin. In the year

1847 he became the rabbinate of a reform congregation in Berlin . At

this point he already disapproved of most liberal Rabbis and came to

be known as the most exemplar of reform Rabbis in all of Europe ( 241)

The question comes to mind as to what exactly triggered this

different belief in Judaism which differed significantly from previous

tenents. It started during the time of the French revolution, a time

when European Jews were (for the first time) recognized as citizens of

the countries in which they lived in. Ghettos were being abolished,

special badges were no longer required

treatment. Many rabbis believed that the way to address this was to

these cases should be ruled by the state government (Sasson 835). He

citizenship in many countries. Many Jews converted to Christianity in

Judaism. Holdheim a reform Rabbi himself felt that the Jews living

during his time period should change the laws given to them at Mt.

of the state they lived in but questions of prayer and religious

observed the way we were told to under almost any and every

was more important than observing the word of God (Gay 155). Holdheim

inspired. His conclusion was that Jewish life should be based on

the spirit of laws of the nations they were living among. Even the

Holdheim denied the authority of the Talmudic dicta, the oral

Some common words found in the essay are:
Torah Talmud, Shulchan Aruch, God Gay, European Jews, Hirsch Judaism, Samuel Holdheim, Talmud Mishna, Rabbis Europe, Reform Judaism, Rabbi Mecklenberg-Schewerin, gay 155, reform judaism, laws torah, talmud mishna, sasson 835, prayer religious, public schools,
Approximate Word count = 1024
Approximate Pages = 4 (250 words per page double spaced)