republican in Italy when his country was divided into city-states. He wrote this essay in prison,

and tried to inspire the ruler to defend his country and maintain his power. Confucius, one of the

greatest Chinese philosophers, wrote The Sacred Books of Confucius. In his essay, he taught his

students how to be a virtuous ruler and how to set up a good example to govern his people. They

both had some different opinions about human itself , the character of a ruler, and the issue of the

punishment of the disobedient. While Confucius believed a virtuous ruler should make a good

example for his innocent people, and reform or educate them to be the greatest follower and to be

loyal to himself, Machiavelli thought that since all humans are evil, Confucius¯s idea of setting up

a good example for the people would not changed the basic character of human being instead an

experienced ruler should be feared from everyone when he appeared to be faithful for them.

In Confucius¯ essay, he showed his love for all humans kind. He believed human nature

can be good, that human beings are born with no given, definable nat

would have the same character or behavior as their ruler, their leader.

be a prince is to be cruel, for °it is impossible for a new prince to escape the reputation of

But Machiavelli believed execution is necessary to carry out through the people, to gain

Confucius believed killing and execution won¯t help the ruler to govern the country

rendered himself upright, he will have no difficulty in governing the people. But if he cannot

cruelty...it is extremely necessary that he should not mind being thought cruel±(184). To maintain

impressions coming from the environment. By the meaning of the following, Confucius believed

His student asked again °and when they are enriched, what more shall be done?± °educate them!±

Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 1871
Approximate Pages = 7 (250 words per page double spaced)