The question about the consequences of the Mongol invasion is considered one of the most difficult in the history of Russia. Definitely, they had a great impact on demographics, agriculture, social, political and cultural development of the territories.

Generally speaking, the influence of 200-year-long yoke was negative. It brought "wholesale devastation and massacre to Russia." (Nicholas V. Riasanovsky, A History of Russia, 20) For instance, a Mongol chronicle states that Batu and his lieutenants destroyed the towns of the Russians and killed or captured all their inhabitants. As a result the serious diminish of the population acured after. Those people, who survived the tatar raids, in order to avoid the new routs, had to escape to the more secure territories- West and North-West of Volgo-Ocksk Mezhdurech'e. (Phroyanov, The History of Russia from Ancient Times Until Beginning of the XXc.) All these people didn't have any lands and were unable to pay dan'. So they had to ask for help the gentry. As a result of it, slowly but surly the number of dependent feudal farmers increased. At the same time the standing of the gentry, especially the princes, c

Another positive change is that the "financial measures of Mongols together with the cansus and Mongol roads added something to process of centralization in Russia." (N.Riasanovsky, A History of Russia, 73)

Many new words, which usually mean some kind of duties, enter Russian lexicon. As the example barshchina and obrok supplement kormlenie, polud'e and povoz. Votchina (hereditary landholding) and pomest'e (estate granted by prince during the term service) also were new, not known in Kievan period, kinds of land owing for Russia.

hanged. If before they received most of their profits from dan', kormlenie, and polud'e, now they can't use them anymore, everything must be given to Hord. Therefore, the only way for them to survive was to change their orientation to agriculture. That what actually happened: the huge increase in the number of large private land estates took place in the end of the XIII-XIVcc.

Church stayed, probably, the only institution in Russia, which didn't really experienced any dramatic changes on the way of its development (on that time). Meaning the attitude towards it had always been positive. Beginning its existence in Kievan Russia, it had privileges during the Mongol yoke and had successfully developed and gained power and influence through the time of Appanage and Moscovite Russia (when it owned 25% of cultivated land in the country). The arts closely connected with Church such as wooden architecture and icon painting also reached high creative achievements. Fasting , celebrating religious holidays and generally observing the Church calendar provided further occasions for ritualism.

With the time and heavy impact of tatars, Russian religion and culture just like its economy and social development experienced the dramatic change. However all of the trates of Moscovite and Appanage Russia directly stemme from the Kievan period. To see it better let's try to compare and contrast geography, politics, economy, culture and structure of these two periods.

However, the limited number of the positive contributions of Mongols to Russian history does exist. One of the most important of them

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Approximate Word count = 1451
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page double spaced)