kidney stones
Kidney stones, also known as Renal Calculi, are one of the most common disorders of the urinary tract. In the U.S. alone, over one million people suffer from kidney stones each year. A kidney stone is "a solid lump (from as small as a grain of sand to as large as the size of a golf ball) made up of crystals that separate from urine and build up on the inner surfaces of the kidney." Between 70% and 90% of crystals remain tiny enough so that they can travel through the urinary tract and pass out of the body without being noticed. When they cause symptoms, however, kidney stones have been described as one of the most painful disorders to afflict human beings.A kidney stone normally begins as a tiny speck of solid material deposited in the middle of the kidney, where urine collects before flowing into the ureter. As more material clings to the first speck, it gradually builds into a solid object. This process can occur in one or both kidneys. Kidney stones can be composed of a variety of substances. The most common types of kidney stones include calcium stones, uric acid stones and struvite stones. About 70% to 80% o
Kidney stones may be formed, grow in size and stay immobile inside the kidney for years without any warning pain or other indicators. However, if and when the stone does begin to move through the urinary tract, it is usually tremendously painful. This pain is caused by the obstruction of the ureter by the kidney stone. Pain typically occurs in the lower back just below the ribs, in the abdomen and in the groin. Other associated symptoms include fever, chills, nausea and vomiting. One of the most important aspects of kidney stone treatment is adequate pain relief. Because the pain of passing a kidney stone is so severe, narcotic painkillers such as morphine are often required. Patients are encouraged to drink large quantities of water in order to help the stone pass more quickly. If the urinary tract becomes infected, antibiotics would be necessary. „h a family genetic predisposition to form stones; „h long term dehydration and its resulting concentration of urine; The most effective way to prevent kidney stones is to drink plenty of water (3 quarts per day). Eating a diet sparing in calcium oxalate and salt de
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Approximate Pages = 3 (250 words per page double spaced)
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