and discretion in public and private behavior. (Dumas, Afterword). Louis was born on September 5, 1638. It was also an event that fell just short of being miraculous, for the king and queen had been married for twenty-three years and they detested each other. After all the

"Mme de Montespan was not alone in feeling racked by remorse 'Her sense of sin', according to Saint-Simon, 'never left her in peace. She often went form the king to pray in her study; nothing would make break a fast or a day of abstinence.' When she left the court, she spent her days in the Saint-Joseph mission which she directed. She gave 'almost all she had to the poor. She worked several hours each day on their behalf, doing the daily round of common tasks... her mortifications were unceasing.' (Bluche 272).

Louis XIV knew his father, Louis XIII, for a small period. "Only a short time had they known each other, and even then there was no warmth in their relationship. The boy feared the gloomy man who, so very rarely, found a few minutes to peek into the nursery." (Aspler 22). In a letter Louis XIII once bitterly complained to Cardinal Richelieu: "I am very dissatisfied with my little son. As soon as he sees me, he cries as if he has seen the devil. He always runs after his mother. He must be removed from the queen as soon as possible..." (Aspler 22). Louis XIV's mother, Anne of Austria, has a major role in Louis's life since his father died a young age. Anne of Austria, daughter of the King of Spain, Philip III, had married Louis XIII in 1615. (Panicucci 4). Her role as queen was just to produce an heir. ""I am the king's wife," she told herself thousands of times," and my first duty is to produce an heir to the throne. Soon they will send me back to Spain in disgrace, and the whole world will sneer." (Aspler 15). She was left to mold Louis into the royal king he was to become. Before Louis XIII's death he had another son. Two years after Louis's birth, his brother Philip came into the world. (Wolf 3). Philip was brought up to defer to his brother all things; he was dressed as a girl much of the time until he was well past adolescence, and he continued occasionally to dress in women's clothing as an adult. His latest biographer insists that Anne's rearing of this boy was probably responsible for his homosexual tenancies." (Wolf 3-4). The treatment of being second rate to Louis given to Philip as a child and an adult left his life meaningless and miserable. For this Louis took advantage of Philip to assume total control of the family. Along with being raised by his mother, Anne of Austria, Louis XIV was trained by Cardinal Jules Mazarin, the prime minister, to fulfill the role of king. Jules Marazin had been a confidential assistant to Richelieu. As the old statesman neared his end, he still wielded enough influence to have Marazin installed as successor. (Aspler 25). Marazin was also the lover of Anne of Austria. When Louis became the king at the age of five, Mazarin took the opportunity to rule France in his name. He was very unpopular. The peasants hated him because they were bitterly burdened by the taxes with which he waged war. The merchants him because he did not agree with them about the virtues of feudalism. The parlements hated him because he set himself and the King above the law. (Durant 5). These corrupt values were installed by Mazarin into Louis. The mistreatment of the French people lead to two Frondes (Civil War). The Parlement of Paris launched the first Fronde (1648-49, seeking to duplicate the movement that in England had just raised Parliament above the king as the source and judge of law. (Durant 5). After this attempt failed, a second Fronde was attempted in January 18, 1650. The Fronde was not broken until 1652, when Louis and Mazarin entered Paris as victors. (Wolf, xx).

Towards the end of his life Louis expressed some courage. The moral courage with Louis saw the end draw near was free of the ostentation of the rest of his life. He died on September 1, at 8:15 A.M., aged seventy-seven minus three days, after having reigned for seventy-two years, three months and eighteen days. (Panicucci 74). Through seventy-two of his seventy-seven years of life,

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Approximate Word count = 3493
Approximate Pages = 14 (250 words per page double spaced)