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From the evidence of Thucydide

The Delian league formed after the Hellenic league decided to split up. When the league started it was essentially a voluntary alliance. However, over time, Athens disregarded the original constitution and totally changed her attitude toward her allies The Hellenic league, consisting of all Greece, had fought together against Persia, with Sparta as the leader. However, after victory against the Persians, the league split into two. The Peloponnesian league, with Sparta as leaders, and the Delian league, with Athens as leader or Hegaemon. This is an important point. From the outset Athens was regarded as the Hegaemon of the Delian league, although all states were to be considered equal. Athens was regarded as leader due to her huge fleet, which was unequaled in the Hellenic world. This safeguarded the league from a further Persian attack. The league started with three main aims in mind. To compensate the members of the league's losses in war by ravaging the territories of Persia. To liberate other Greek states, especially those in Ionia, and also to preserve their liberty. Many of the smaller states joined because of the protection they would receive from Athens.

It was agreed that a counsel, named the Synod, would meet at Delos,


Pericles, worried at the allies' desires to leave, decided to tighten up control further in 446bc. He issued the Chalcis decree. This declared that all allies must 'promise not to revolt, promise to pay tribute and be obedient to Athens.' These two decrees, the Cleinian and the Chalcian, clearly show that the original members of the Delian league were now part of the Athenian empire. These changes were put in place to make sure all allies would continue to obey Athens and pay their tribute. The only genuine allies were the ship contributors, like Lesbos and Chios.

Another change we can see gradually developing, is enforced military service. There is evidence from inscriptions regarding this matter. It is in the form of a list of Athenian war dead from the fighting in 464bc. "One man from Madytos who died in Cardia. Casualties at Eion, Casualties at Thasos" There is even better evidence in Thucydides concerning the Egyptian campaign. "Thus the expedition of Athens was ended". Athens claimed that their use of allies in the wars in Egypt was justified by the constitution of the league because Egypt was rebelling against Persia. However, in reality, the war in Egypt was too far away to concern the league, and Athens was breaking the constitution by imposing military service on the league. Thucydides also tells us the allies were involved in the Athenian defeat at the battle of Tanagra. The Spartans defeated them and the soldiers were therefore fighting against states other than Persia. This enforced military service is quite an important change as it shows that the Athenians were forcing their allies to fight in battles outside the league's aims. In 454bc we witness what is essentially the league's biggest change in the treatment of her allies, Athens totally changed the original constitution of the league. After defeating Persia at the battle of the Eurymadon, Athens decided to move the treasury from Delos to Athens. The Synod never met again because Athens made all decisions. Athens took complete control over the league's funds. The league had now become the Athenian Empire. This was a major turning point in Athens' treatment of her allies and the original constitution of the league was now completely disregarded. Having created her empire, Athens started to tighten her control to make sure she could keep it. The first thing she did was to make her allies swear a new oath of loyalty. We can see this from the following inscriptions. "I

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Approximate Word count = 1654
Approximate Pages = 7 (250 words per page double spaced)


  

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