The Crusades were militarily unsuccessful but the economic, scientific, religious, and cultural aspects impacted the West profoundly. After the Crusades halted, various trade routes opened up between Eastern and Western cities. The Crusades hastened the development Western Europe's science, technology, literature, and religious ideas.
In the tenth and eleventh centuries, a number of monks became concerned about the moral and organizational state of the Church. They formed a movement, known as the Cluniac Reform movement, which eventually took control of the papacy and brought a lot of change to Western Christianity. One of these changes involved an adjustment to the Just War doctrine. Church and state were closely inter
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