Hadrons, the strongly interacting particles, can be further subdivided into two classes based on their internal composition: mesons and baryons. Originally, mesons and baryons were classified according to their masses. Baryons were heavier than mesons, and both were heavier than leptons. Today mesons and baryons are distinguished by their internal structure. Baryons have masses greater than the proton mass. All hadrons are composed of two or three fundamental particles, which came to be known as quarks. A quark is always combined with one or two other quarks.

According to the original model proposed by Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig in 1963, there were three types of quarks indicated by the symbols u, d, and s. These were given the arbitrary names up, down, and sideways (now referred to as strange). Associated with each quark is an anti-quark, which are the antimatter equival

All observed baryons can be described as quark compounds containing three quarks or, for anti-baryons, of three anti-quarks. Some examples of baryons are protons which contains three quarks (u, u, and d) and neutrons, which also contain three quarks (u, d, and d). From the properties of quarks, it follows that all baryons made in this way have integral electric charge, half integer spin and baryon number +1 (quarks have baryon number +1/3). The possible combinations of higher baryon number are identified with the atomic nuclei, but it is not excluded that they could exist as bound quark states too. The proton has charges of +2/3e, +2/3e, and -1/3e. The total charge of the proton is +e. The neutron has charges of +2/3e, -1/3e, and

An important property of baryons is it mass. In general, only a small part of the mass of a hadron (such as a proton) is due to the rest mass of the quarks in it. Some of the mass of a hadron comes from the kinetic energy of the quarks due to confinement. The volume of a hadron is small. By the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, the kinetic energy of the quark is inversely proportional to the radius of its confinement. This energy contributes to the mass of the hadron (baryon).

The rule you need to remember for baryons is that they are always made from 3 quarks. Each quark has to have a different color charge from the others inside the baryon. The three-color charges are labeled in accordance with the three primary colors RED, GREEN, and BLUE. The demand that a baryon must have three quarks, one RED, one GREEN, and one BLUE, makes the baryon have an overall "white" color. This is a null color. Hence, the color charge of the baryon is zero.

We are seeing only the conceptual results of this very mathematical theory, but we should realize that is it based on experimental evidence.

In addition to these force-carrying particles,

Some common words found in the essay are:
Standard Model, George Zweig, GREEN BLUE, , Uncertainty Principle, standard model, quarks leptons, mass hadron, subatomic particles, electric charge, mesons baryons, RED GREEN, red green blue, baryons protons, red green, green blue, atoms protons, -1/3e total charge,
Approximate Word count = 1277
Approximate Pages = 5 (250 words per page double spaced)