After the civil war, South cities were destroyed serious in 1865, but North cities did not. In economic aspect, economic life had creaked to a halt. Banks and business houses had locked their doors, ruined by runaway inflation. Factories were smokeless, silent, and dismantled. The transportation system had broken down completely. In social crisis, the main problem was slaves. At this time the labor force in the South had about 4 million slaves. These slaves were very valuable to the slaveholding planter class. They were a huge investment to Southerners and if taken away, could mean massive losses to everyone. Slaves were used in the South as helpers in the fields in the cultivation of tobacco, rice, and indigo, as well as many other jobs. The South especially needed more slaves at this time because they were now growing more cotton then ever

The next era of reconstruction was the Andrew Johnson era. The Johnson era went from 1865 to 1867. Johnson was a Democrat from Tennessee. He was a poor white man with no education and self-taught. He fought for free schools and property tax against wealthy planters. He was a slaveholder but indifferent he had more sympathy for white workingman. He voted for the Homestead Act.

because of the invention of the cotton gin. The North wanted to limit the number of slave states in the Union. When new territories became available in the West the South wanted to expand and use slavery in the newly acquired territories. But many Southerners felt that a government dominated by free states could endanger existing slaveholdings. In political aspect, the Congress was controlled by the Republicans parties which occupied the whole North cities, so the South people wanted to challenge the North to raise their power in Congress. The vice president, Andrew Johnson, was a former Democratic slaveholder from Tennessee, became president after Lincoln was assassinated. This situation showed that the American political structure was not stable, that's why the Presidential and Congressional Reconstructions appeared at that movement.

In conclusion, the South cities were destroyed by the Civil War, and the war made the South cities had the social, economic, and political impacted in 1865. This situation made the American history appeared the Presidential and Congressional Reconstruction. The major flaw and reason why Reconstruction was a failure was due to the great amounts of corruption and the highly unstable government. This began with the assassination of Lincoln. Lincoln was successor, but Johnson was not the best candidate to take over Reconstruction. The Radical Republicans of

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Approximate Word count = 1208
Approximate Pages = 5 (250 words per page double spaced)