about the Holocaust and how it is perceived in literature by our culture.

Langer explores oral testimonies, diaries and fiction that consider the

devastation of the Holocaust a central theme. He takes a look at human

values in the light of that devastation. He exhibits the concern between

literature and testimony. His hope is that the Holocaust experience will not

be sentimentalized in the various forms of literature and media. Langer wants

the Holocaust to be presented as "it really was -- evil."

Throughout his book Langer makes reference to various other writers

novels and articles about the death camps. He criticizes such authors as

William Styron and Bernard Malamud. According to Langer ("Beyond

Theodicy: Jewish Victims and the Holocaust" and "Malamud's Jews and

the Holocaust Experience,"), "too many historical and cultural

representations of the Nazis' murderers try, by portraying the Jewish victims

as dignified martyrs, to introduce the notion of spiritual redemption into the

accounts of atrocities that need to be confronted without moral

Through these essays, Langer tries to show some way to save us from

English-At the Mind's Limit) observation that "no bridge led from death in

Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 1467
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page double spaced)