Micro Chips
The impression that I have gotten from the latest magazines and websites about microchips is that the chip is definitely the mile stone in computer hardware. Computer chips make up our everyday lives enabling many of the things we use like coffee machines, microwaves, ATMs, and computers work and are reliable for use. These chips are no larger than a fingernail and are getting smaller every other year and are amazingly capable of holding over 1.5 million transistors. The computer chip's history is very short and many of us (including myself) do not remember a time when we were without integrated circuits. The things that we do remember are the advances and theories major companies, Professors, and engineers discover. The first computers used components called vacuum tubes. These vacuum tubes functioned as electronic switches. The tubes worked fine except that they were not reliable. Because of the big structure vacuum tubes would generate intense heat, which caused many of the components to deteriorate, and consumed enormous amounts of power. A smaller flow of electrons was sought after, and what they found were transistors. Transistors changed the way computers could and would be built.
The first step in the manufacturing process involves melting the silicon crystals. After these crystals have reached its melting point seed crystals are carefully dipped into the melted silicon to form a cylindrical ingot five to ten inches in diameter and several feet long. This long ingot is then smoothed and cut into wafers. The manufacturing of these wafers can take from ten to thirty days. Each wafer forms the foundation for hundreds of chips. Engineers use a computer-aided circuit design program to design each layer of the chip. Depending on the amount of layers a chip may take a month to several work years to complete. In a process called dicing a Diamond saw cuts the wafer into individual chips called die. Each packaged chip is tested once more and is ready to be sent to companies of who will include them in a wide range of items. Computer chips have affected our society in many ways. They have made life easier and faster to live with. We can only imagine the type of things that lie ahead for these chips. But until then our keyboards and mice will have to do. A Computer chip is a tiny piece of material, that contains a complex electronic circuit and are made by placing and removing thin layers of insulating conducting and semi-conducting materials in hundreds of steps. The bodies of most chips are made of silicon and are used because silicon is a semi-conductor. ted by Jack Kilby, an engineer at Texas Instruments, and independently by Robert Noyce of Fair Child Semi-conductor. Then integrated circuit, or chip, combined multiple transistors into a small silicon disc. This silicon chip was the backbone of the development of smaller systems. In the movie The Island of Dr. Monroe, Monroe made a society that had chips implanted in them since birth. With these
Some common words found in the essay are:
CHIP Computer, , Boron Phosphorus, BENEATH CHIP, Professor Warwick, Child Semi-conductor, Professor Warwick's, Monroe Monroe, Reading England, Mickey Mouse, computer chips, photo resist, computer chip, vacuum tubes, photo resist photo, process called, resist photo, integrated circuit, chip arm, conduct electricity, individual chips, resist photo resist,
Approximate Word count = 1209
Approximate Pages = 5 (250 words per page double spaced)
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