Body and Soul in the Philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas
The human body is an animated body. Throughout St. Thomas' writing, it has been kept in mind that there can not be any discussion of the body without an awareness that it has being only in union with the soul. To speak of the human body as if it were only a material thing no different from any other corporeal being, is not to speak of the body of man as it is. A human essence has two constituent principles and to identify one part with the man is to say at once that he is and is not a man. On the other hand, while it must be insisted that man is what he is because of his rational soul, the judgment cannot be made that he is his soul. As a material creature, man must have a body. This material essential element in him has characteristics in common with everything else that is material. It is extended, three-dimensional, occupies space, is changeable and measurable by time, is subject to corruption because of its composition, and is finite. The common sense of mankind based upon experience makes it obvious that all of these qualities are found in the human body. But the determination of the nature of the body must go beyond these spontaneous judgments based upon observation.
The teaching of St. Thomas provides for this intimacy, in its insistence upon the immediate, essential, personal and substantial union of the material and formal principles of a human essence, the body and the soul. Denial of any of the characteristics of the union will make it very difficult, if not impossible, to account for the unity of personality of a human being. Such union explains the fact that any good or evil occurring to either body or soul directly affects the other. Such union explains why the mind can restrain bodily activities, or the passions impede reason; why depressing thoughts can paralyze the body and diseased glands corrupt the mind. Angelic Doctor, matter as such does not and cannot exist by itself. It is only a determinable principle, as yet without any determination, if considered as prime matter. Any existing sensible object is more than matter in this primary sense. It is secondary matter; i.e., a composition of two incomplete substances, matter and form, the form actuating the matter. Only because of union with a form does matter come into actual existence. If human bodies are, they are informed, and they must be informed by something that makes them human. This is the human soul, which at one and the same time gives existence to the body and specifies the nature of the composite. The human body can only be understood in terms of the kind of form actualizing it. The study of the soul of man revealed to St. Thomas that it was spiritual, simple, substantial and immortal. As form, the soul is united to matter, making the body a human body and the resulting composite a man. The dependence of the soul upon the body must be noted, but it must not be forg
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Approximate Word count = 1149
Approximate Pages = 5 (250 words per page double spaced)
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