A crime as defined in the New Expanded Webster's Dictionary is "a breach of law, divine or human." Given this definition a criminal is a person who perpetrates actively breaking the law whether be positive law or natural law. The criminal code of Canada is prescriptive in the actions of the individuals in the society and the formation of the criminal code of Canada comes from the social norms and standards of society. Any person who violates these social norms and standards codified in the criminal code of Canada is labeled as a criminal. The causation of individuals becoming a criminal is predominantly attributed to environmental factors that the individual has been exposed to rather then the genetic disposition of the individual.
Clearly, environmental factors contribute largely to a person's nongenetic behavior, due to the mass amounts of risk factors that exist in society. Ronald L. Akers, director of the Centre for Studies in Criminology and law at the University of Florida completed a survey of delinquency prediction models and found that these risk factors are the most closely associated with delinquency:
In the United States in 1996 it was found that over 33% of all jail inmates reported some physical or mental disability and 25% of jail inmates said they had been treated at some time for mental or emotional problem. To dismiss the fact that there are criminals that have innate genetic disposition to commit crimes is simply ludicrous but given the statistic above over 66% of all jail inmates have no physical or mental disability or either it is not reported and the other statistic that 75% of jail inmates have needed or have not been treated for mental or emotional problem these statistics display that environmental factors are a more predominant factor to the causation of criminal behavior. For further evidence on the stance that environmental factors are the predominant causation of criminal behavior one can look at the relationship between economic activity and criminal offences. In 1994, Canada's economic activity in terms of (Figure 1.1) GDP was 767,506 (millions) and number of total offences 2 840 725 (Figure 1.2) that year but in 1998, Canada's economic activity in terms of GDP was 895,704 (millions) and the number of tota
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