Exhaust Systems
The exhaust system on a car is the most important device to keep our environment clean. Many exhaust emissions from the engine such as water, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide, are of little concern. Others, such as hydrocarbons (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NO ), and carbon monoxide (CO), can cause environmental and health problems if not controlled. Hydrocarbon emissions react with sunlight, which cause photochemical smog. The exhaust system controls these the best possible way. These emissions leave the engine and travel down the exhaust ports and into the exhaust manifolds. Then the gases travel though the exhaust pipe, catalytic converter, and muffler. Then the filtered emissions leave though the resonator, if used, and the tailpipe. There are two types of exhaust systems. The single exhaust system and the dual exhaust system. The single exhaust system (as shown in diagram below) consists of only one exhaust pipe. This system unlike the dual exhaust system contains two oxygen sensors. These oxygen sensors detect the amount of oxygen in the exhaust. A lean air-fuel mixture contains an excess amount of oxygen after combustion. A rich air-fuel mixture contains very little oxygen. When the oxyg
Most modern converters are now designed with a free-flowing honeycomb ceramic catalyst. The type of converter required on a particular vehicle varies with model year, engine size and vehicle weight. Some vehicles even make use of more than one type of converter or a pre-converter to meet emission reduction standards. A two-way converter, used on cars between 1975 - 1980, oxidizes unburned harmful hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide into water and carbon dioxide. The first vehicles with catalytic converters had two-way reduction only capabilities. A three-way converter is a triple purpose converter. It reduces nitrous oxide into nitrogen and oxygen. And, like the two-way converter, it oxidizes unburned harmful hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide into water and carbon dioxide. The duel exhaust system consists of two separate exhaust systems; each equipped with their own catalyst converter and muffler. Duel exhaust systems can expel more exhaust quicker then a single exhaust system which decreases back pressure but increases loudness. Back pressure is when the cylinders have trouble clearing themselves during the exhaust stroke. When the flow of exhaust is restricted this can reduce engine power and mileage and even cause the exhaust vales to burn. Duel exhaust systems have many different setups. Some have two exhaust pipes from the engine that meet at a single catalyst converter and then to a single muffler and tailpipe. Some also have an equalizer pipe which connects to each of the exhaust pipes before the catalyst converter and muffler.
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Approximate Word count = 4204
Approximate Pages = 17 (250 words per page double spaced)
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