I. Introduction - A Brief History of Diplomacy

B. Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976 and Diplomatic Relations Act of 1978

IV. U.S. Policy on Diplomatic Immunity

V. Abuses of Diplomatic Immunities and Privileges

I. INTRODUCTION - A Brief History of Diplomacy

Sadaam Hussein emerged as "public enemy number one" because of his blatant disregard to international law and relations, in his continued hostage hold of U.S. diplomats. As a result, foreign and national security policies had to be enacted to handle the hostile foreign affair. Diplomacy became one of the chief instruments of foreign and national security employed in the Iranian hostage crisis and other international conflicts preceding and succeeding. The history of diplomacy can be traced to the intense diplomatic intercourse between ancient Egypt and its neighbors long before 1000 BC. Not until the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, however, did diplomacy begin to assume its modern form. Rules were developed

Jacobson, Louis. "An Undiplomatic Journal." National Journal 29 (1997): 1045.

· Impunity - exemption from punishment, penalty, and harm.

Whitelaw, Kevin. "When Diplomats Break the Law." US News and World Report. 20 Jan. 1997: 14.

· "In 1992, Angel Francisco Breard, Paraguayan diplomat, kills an Arlington woman during an attempted rape." Result: Because of the brutality and severity of the crime, the Virginian government tried and found him guilty. Paraguay officials were not notified of the act, and thus Virginia failed to recognize any diplomatic immunity. The sentencing was death by legal injection. Secretary of State Albright attempts to stay the execution, along with a similar appeal form the International Court of Justice (ICJ). The Supreme Court rules in favor of the state of Virginia (Breard v. Greene), ruling that the ICJ, the U.S. federal government, nor the Supreme Court could not order Virginia to stay the execution. The execution took place on the evening of April 14, 1998 at 10:39pm.

V. ABUSES OF DIPLOMATIC IMMUNITIES AND PRIVILEGES (U.S.& abroad)

· Consular agreements - the appointment of an official by a government to reside in a foreign country to represent the commercial interests of its native citizens. Consular agreements usually beget global negotiations.

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Approximate Word count = 3438
Approximate Pages = 14 (250 words per page double spaced)