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The American System of Government

In struggling to determine whether or not the American political system is pluralistic, elitist, or a representative democracy one must first understand what these systems are. A pluralistic system of government focuses upon interest groups to convey the interests and views of public opinion. An elitist system focuses upon a small "elite" class to rule. Representative government relies upon the voting majority of citizens to reflect who's best to rule.

The representative system of democracy was the intentional method of government initiated by the Founding Fathers (Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, Ben Franklin). They saw this as the antithesis of the English Parliamentary and Monarchical systems. Representation for the people by the people was the objective. Some two-hundred years later this system still exists after minor modification and adjustments.

With the twentieth century coming to a close one might make amends to say that our system of government has reverted to a more pluralistic system. Interest groups have gained so much power that it is unfair to say that they play no role in the validity of government. Our system has adopted pluralism instead of transforming int


The representative system of the United States government is limited. A system of government which was designed after no other model of government, assumes the possibility that it could have failed. The founding fathers new that this was a possibility and created a system that could adapt and change. Over time new aspects of government such as an expanded nation, expanded judiciary, corporate interest groups, and beaurocratic red tape. In order to ensure that government could live forever the Constitution was created. In order to change the constitution people needed to express their opinion and call on their representatives to change policy and law.

Private interests distort public policy making because, when making decisions, politicians must take account of campaign contributors. An "interest" may be defined as "any involvement in anything that affects the economic, social, or emotional well-being of a person." When interests become organized into groups, then politicians may become biased due to their influences. "Special interests buy favors from congressmen and presidents through political action committees (PACs), devices by which groups like corporations, professional associations, trade unions, investment banking groups-can pool their money and give up to $10,000 per election to each House and Senate candidate". Consequently, those people who do not become organized into interest groups are likely to be underrepresented financially. This leads to further inequality and, therefore, greater unrepresentation in the democratic system.

Dye, Thomas R. 1995. Who's Running America? The Clinton Years.

To be hired in a bureaucracy, a person must take a civil service exam. People working in bureaucracies may also only be fired under extreme circumstances. This usually lead to the principle that, people who are competent at their jobs are promoted until they are in jobs in which they are no longer competent. Policy making may be considered democratic to an extent. The public tends to get its way about 60% of the time. Because one of the key legitimating factors of government is a connection between what it does and what the public wants, policy making can be considered 60% legitimate. Furthermore, most of what the federal government does never reaches the public. Public opinion polls represent the small percentage of issues that people have heard about.



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Approximate Word count = 1871
Approximate Pages = 7 (250 words per page double spaced)


  

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