Conduct Disorders
Conduct disorders are a complicated set of behavioral and emotional problems that afflict between nine percent of male boys and two percent of female girls. Persistent aggression, theft, lying, destruction, and vandalism characterize the disorder. Most of all the child or adolescent violates societal norms and the basic rights of others (Appendix). The etiology of the disorder is still in debate. Some theories relate the disorder to inconsistent home lives, a predisposition to the disorder, modeling and operant conditioning theory, and environmental factors. Treatment is centered on helping the child control their anger, parent interaction training, cognitive problem solving skills, and medications (mostly for the other diagnosed disorders that accompany conduct disorder). Prognosis is poor for this type of disorder especially if it is Child-onset type (having 1 criteria before the age of 10), rather than Adolescent-onset type (no criteria before the age of 10) in which the prognosis is guarded. Conduct disorder is a complicated group of behavioral and emotional problems in children and adolescents. The major feature of conduct disorder is a "repet
Davidson, G. C., & Neale, J. M. (1994). Abnormal Psychology (6th ed.). New York: Wiley and Sons, Inc. Common practice in diagnosing conduct disorder is by use of diagnostics interviews and the use of the DSM-IV. Not only must a practitioner evaluate the child by the criteria, but also consider the context in which the behavior is occurring. The DSM IV cautions practitioners to give the diagnosis "only when the behavior in question is symptomatic of an underlying dysfunction within the individual and not simply a reaction to the immediate social context" (APA, 1994, p. 88). The practitioner must also understand the comorbidity of conduct disorders. It is not uncommon for the child to also satisfy other Axis I diagnosis if they are diagnosed as conduct disorder. Burket and Myers (1995) conducted a study to investigate psychotic comorbidity in male and female adolescents with conduct disorder. Twenty-five adolescents (11 females, 14 males) with conduct disorder were evaluated using structured diagnostic interviews for Axis I and personality disorders. The most common Axis I comorbid diagnosis were depressive disorders, 64 %; anxiety disorders, 52 %; substance abuse, 48 %; and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, 28 %. The most common Axis II disorder was borderline personality disorder found in 32 % of the children. Other studies have found that there were no significant differences in the incidence comorbidity between younger (aged 10 to 13) and older (above 13) youth. Among youth who met criteria for conduct disorder, 52 % also met criteria for a substance abuse disorder (Reebye, Moretti, & Lessard, 1995). Reebye, P., Moretti, M., & Lessard, J. C. (1995). Conduct disorder and substance abuse disorder: Comorbidity in a clinical sample of preadolescent and adolescents. [On-line]. Available: America On-line, Medline Record.
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