critically consider whether evidence justifies a distiction between STM and LTM

A detailed Summary of critically consider whether evidence justifies a distiction between STM and LTM

Critically consider whether evidence justifies

Memory is a working process that enables us to learn and benefit from past experience. There are three stages of process, registration, storage and retrieval. Some Psychologists have undertaken research to show there is a distinction between STM and LTM.

Atkinson and Shiffrin introduced the Multi Store Model that supports the fact that the STM and the LTM are different. The LTM is a permanent store while the STM is only temporary.

The Multi Store Model proposes that information must pass through the sensory store and the short term store before it can be transferred into the long term store and become part of a long term memory. Atkinson and Shiffrin propose to transfer information form the STm to the LTM rehearsal must be undertaken.

The evidence that supports the Multi Store Model includes two component tasks, coding and braindamaged patients. Two component tasks involves asking subjects to remember a list of words and asking them to repeat them using free recall. In conclusion to the experiment it showed that subjects recall items form the end of the list first and get more of these right, this

Atkinson and Shiffrin proposed that STM and LTM code information in different ways, therefore they must be different memory stores. The STM stores information acoustically, we know this because people make acoustic errors, however the LTM stores information semantically, because people make semantic errors in LTM tests. Conrad (1964) and Baddley (1966) have carried out research that supports the theory that the STM and LTM uses different coding.

'knowledge about the world'

There are alternative models to the Multi Store Model, they do not totally disagree with the model but think that it is too simplistic for such an complex study.

Many Psychologists own experiments and theories support the Atkinson and Shiffrin's idea of rehearsing, including Brown and Peterson who carried out an experiment giving subjects sets of three consonants to remember. They found that if the subjects were allowed to rehearse, the experiment was easy, however if there was no rehearsal the majority of the subjects forgot after a none second delay and nearly all subjects forgot after an eighteen second delay. In conclusion to this experiment Brown and Peterson founf that there is a rapid loss of information if rehearsal is prevented. This

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Approximate Word count = 835
Approximate Pages = 3 (250 words per page double spaced)

Category: Science

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