BACKROUND: An enzyme is a protein that controls the chemical reactions that take place in the body. Enzymes help by catalyzing (speeding up) the reaction and intern lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. Molecules called substrates bind with enzymes during reactions. However each enzyme has a very specific purpose. The shape of the active site on the enzyme's outer layer determines that purpose, along with deciding which substrates can bind with that specific enzyme. The active site of the enzyme is the spot where the substrate binds in order for the reaction to occur. The bond formed by the enzyme and substrate is a noncovalent chemical bond that exists little more than a millisecond. However, while bonded the substrate undergoes a chemical change and is converted into the product of the reaction. While held together by this weak bond the enzyme-substrate complex is formed. When the reaction is over this complex breaks down and the product leaves the enzyme and is used by the cell. Then enzyme returns to the catalytic cycle unchanged and it waits to be used again. Any one enzyme may be used over a thousand times per second: in turn

**Complete three trials for each set of test tubes. Compare the different sets of data. If one set is extreme compared to the other, than ignore that set of data. After all data is collected, average each set of data. (An average should be found for each time increment for each set of test tubes) Then after the averages are calculated, calculate the standard deviations of the averages for each time increment. (Refer back to page 1-7 of lab manual if help is necessary) When all data is collected and calculated, use Microsoft Excel to create a graph for each data set. (A graph or chart should be created for the following: raw data, averages, and standard deviations) Refer to help sheet if help is needed using Microsoft Excel.

3) Mix test tubes according to table 4.3 on page 4-9 of lab manual

LaFave,Carol. Foundations of Biology Laboratory Manual, Pgs.(4-1)-(4-14)

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