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Ecology lab report

An organism has several ways to avoid being prated upon. One way to avoid this is to practice crptis. Crypis is the action of organisms avoiding predation by blending in with their backgrounds and matching the color pattern of a bark, twigs or leaves. Palatable animals often utilize this strategy as well. Another type of defense is aposematism or warning coloratio. Organisms that produce noxious chemicals or accumalate them from food plants, advertise the fact that they are harmful with conspicous color patterns. Mimicry is the resemblence of an organism toward some other organism or an object inthe enviroment, evolved to decieve predators or prey into confuding the organism with that which it mimics. The prey involved within this experiment utilized mimisry as their defense stategy.

Batesia mimicry, Mullerian mimicry, and aggressive mimicry are all various forms of mimicry. Batesian mimicry is a resemblance of an unpalatable species (model) by an edible species (mimic) to decieve predators. Mullerian minicry is a mutual resemblance of two or more conspicuousyly marked upalatable species to enhance predator avoidance. Aggressive mimicry is a tactic that enables predators to avoid being detected by their prey


By the eighth day I expected that the birds would have realize that only the red was since the most palatable larvae, especially since there was only about twenty five percent lime that was palable. However, through tha graph, One can see that toward the eight day the birds were still feeding on some of the lime larvae. This made it an oblivious indication that mimicry had occured. Also I calculated chi square value was much higher that given in the book, which is about a comparision of 31.8 vs 5.991. Since it is higher, I failed to accept my null hypothesis. This means that the birds up on till that they could still not really tell the difference, or had't really noticed that some of the food was more palatable than others.

For the time period of PM, wwe would also take the number of larvae deployed, time the number removed removed divived by the total number deployed for the PM time period. Then we would add it up to find the chi analysis for the PM period. For the expected removed for red larvae, the calculated was 36(10)/100=3.6. For the expected removed for blue 35(10)/100=3.5. For the expected removed red larvae, the calculated was 29(10)/100=2.9. To calculate the chi analysis was the red larvae, you take the number removed minus the expected, then square it and divide by the numberexpected. That is (10-3.6)^2/100=11.37. To find the chi analysis for the blue larvae, you would calculate, (0-3.5)^2/3.5=3.5. To find the chi analysis for the lime larvae, the calculate was (0-2.9)^2/2.9. When all of these are added up 11.37+3.5+2.9=17.8.

The purpose of thsi experiment is to observe predators or in this case birds, and determine whether or not mimicry developed based on the fact that the birds learned about what was really going on. Mimicry doesn't always develop,. The predator must be smartiin order to realize that some are tasteful, while others are distasteful. Our predators can determine this by realizing that a color strategy is being put to use. The null hypothesis for this experiment is that if the don't eat or remove most of the red larvae which happens to be 100%palatable, by the end of the week, then they did not realize that mimicry has occured. These hypothesis are based on the assumption that the birds realized that the red larvae are more tasteful , while the blue and lime larvae were often distasteful. The focus of this experiment is to find out whether or not mimicry developed and whether the birds either learnt from the effects of mimicry or caught on to the color pattern.

According to the graphs, the birds preyed upon the red larvae the most. The red larvea was 100% palatable and 0% unpalatable. I expected the red larvae to be preyed upon the most, but what shocked me was the amount of lime that was still being preyed on while the birds approched the eighth day. I thought that since there was only 25% of the lime larvae that was palable the would have picked it up right away. Even the blue larvae was removed about as much as s the lime was another indication that mimicry had occured. The blue was only 25% unpalatable there fore it should have yeilded much higher results than the lime. Some times as was a little confused as to whether my accepting or rejecting a null hypothesis was correct. This is because the chi square analysis isn't a procedure thatalways ccurately reject or support the null hypothesis. The chi square analysis is most likely a test of randomness, rather than a test for supporting or rejecting the null hypothesis. This is also why we say that we fail to rejact it, because, just because we fail to reject it doesn't mean that it is correct, therefore we cannot accept it. This is also why it is good to have graphs, in an experiment like this one, so that they can back up your results and hypothesis, because it is giving you a visual sense o

Some common words found in the essay are:
Materials Methods, , red larvae, expected removed, chi analysis, null hypothesis, lime larvae, chi square, larvae deployed, chi square analysis, observed removed, square analysis, blue larvae, observed removed 0, removed red larvae, 0 expected removed, removed 0 expected, Charlene Ngong,
Approximate Word count = 2572
Approximate Pages = 10 (250 words per page double spaced)


  

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