Rosalind Elsie Franklin
Born on July 25, 1920 in London, England, Rosalind Elise Franklin was a catalyst to many other scientists in the field of genetics. Using coal and carbon as subjects, Franklin discovered the double helix of DNA, the shape that two linear strands of DNA assume when bonded together. In 1945, Franklin received her Ph. D in physical chemistry from Cambridge University. The next year she went to Paris and worked in the Laboratoire Central des Services Chimiques de L'Etat until 1950 where she concentrated her studies on x-ray diffraction methods. In 1951, Franklin returned to England to work as an associate to John Randall at King's College. While Maurice Wilkins, a scientist, was away, Franklin was put in charge of his DNA project. Wilkins returned to think that Franklin was a lowly technical assistant mainly because of the discrimination against women at that time. During her studies, Franklin took pictures of the DNA structure using her own technique discovering a helical structure. Through this technique, Franklin discovered that there were two types of DNA, dry A-form and wet b-form. B-form being the DNA that exist within our bodies. She also located the position of phosphate sugars in DNA. With
In the spring of 1953, Franklin moved to J.D Beroznal's laboratory at Birbeck College. She worked on the tobacco mosaic virus and the polio virus. During this time she was asked to speak at many conferences around the world and published 17 papers in five years. Her research laid a foundation for structural virology. · Low supersaturated - where crystals will grow but no new ones will form. To perform x-ray crystallography, it is necessary to grow crystals with edges around 0.1-0.3 mm. Crystals are formed as the conditions in a supersaturated solution slowly change. There are three degrees of saturation in solution, and crystallographers take advantage of these when growing crystals: Sir Aaron Klug, 1982 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry stated that "Rosalind Franklin made crucial contributions to the solution of the structure of DNA. She discovered the B form, recognized that two states of the DNA molecule existed and defined conditions for the transition. From early on, she realized that any correct model must have the phosphate groups on the outside of the molecule. She laid the basis for the quantitative study of the diffraction patterns, and after the formation of the Watson - Cri
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Approximate Word count = 808
Approximate Pages = 3 (250 words per page double spaced)
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