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Lenski and 5 different societies

Jean and Gerhard Lenski, in their theory of sociocultural evolution, describe five

different types of societies, separated by their technologies. They are the hunting and gathering societies, the horticultural and pastoral societies, the agrarian societies, the industrial societies, and the post-industrial societies. Which of these societies would I prefer? I will argue that the post-industrial society is favorable to the other four societies.

Compared to the post-industrial society, an individual in the hunting and gathering society consumes a great deal of time, energy, and thought, collecting and hunting for food. Most of these societies today generally live in marginal areas where resources are scarce, so life for the hunter and gatherer seems more oriented toward mere survival. The natural elements can be harsh, for example, in the Arctic where the Inuit live. In the post-industrial society, food is easily available, allowing more time to focus on other interests. Life expectancy is also very low compared to the post industrial society. Technology is minimal in the hunting and gathering society, which again relates back to the need for expending time and energy finding food. Technology in medicine is also


The hunting and gathering society certainly has its benefits. Equality is great and social stratification is low, opposed to the post-industrial society. I feel that the costs, however, outweigh these benefits.

The post-industrial society is the most technologically advanced, and technology definitely has benefits. The use of computers in medicine can detect disease and cure ailment, thus promoting longer life. Food is abundant and quickly attainable. The Internet brings cultures together which promote greater understanding among each other. It also gives a voice to special interest groups such as women's rights groups and economically disadvantaged groups, which in turn promotes greater democracy. In addition, members of this society and the later part of the industrial society, have a greater amount of leisure time. Universal education is also a benefit of these societies. Individual rights are another.

As with the hunting and gathering societies, the horticultural and pastoral societies do not afford as much time for leisure as does the post-industrial society. Production of food in the horticulturist society and care of animals in the pastoral society still consumes a large portion of time for most of its members. The horticulturist is at the mercy of the elements since a bad season or natural phenomena such as a flood can deplete

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Approximate Word count = 917
Approximate Pages = 4 (250 words per page double spaced)


  

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