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Germany

On November 18th of 1918, Germany, a member of the Central Powers, surrendered unconditionally to the allies. World War I had ended with a total of 37 million casualties, including 9 million dead combatants. German propaganda had not prepared that nation for defeat, and its suddenness resulted in a sense of injured German national pride. Following the defeat of Germany in World War I and in the midst of a great worldwide depression, both the social and political climates were prime for a dictator such as Adolf Hitler to rise to power.

A year later, in June of 1919, the leaders of the Allies met at the Palace of Versailles to decide on the peace settlement after World War I. The treaty, which was a compromise of ideas from George Clemanceau, Prime minister of France, David Lloyd George, the Prime Minister of Great Britain, Vittorio Orlando, the Prime minister of Italy, and Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States. According to the terms of the peace agreement, Germany was forced to reduce its army to 100,000 men, reduce the navy to 6 warships and was not allowed to have any submarines, destroy all of its air force and give land to Belgium, France, Denmark and Poland. This was not all, however. The allies concluded the


In early January of 1919, approximately six months prior to the signing of the peace treaties at Versailles, a small political party called the German Workers Party was formed. This anti-Semitic, high German nationalism party was led by Anton Drexler. As stated by Hitler the party was, "This absurd little organization with its few members seemed to me to possess the one advantage that it had not frozen into an 'organization,' but left the individual opportunity for real personal activity. Here it was still possible to work, and the smaller the movement, the more readily it could be put into the proper form. Here, the content, the goal, and the road could still be determined..." (Hitler, Adolf. Mien Kampf) On 12th September, 1919 Adolf Hitler became a member of this Party, and at the first public meeting held in Munich, February 24th of 1920, he announced the Party's program. That program, which remained unaltered until the Party was dissolved in 1945, consisted of 25 points, including these five which where the basic standings on which the German Worker's Party was based:

"Point 1. We demand the unification of all Germans in the Greater Germany, on the basis of the right of self-determination of peoples.

Point 2. We demand equality of rights for the German People in respect to the other nations; abrogation of the peace treaties of Versailles and Saint Germain.

The propaganda of the German Worker's Party was easy to accept, as it not only offered hope in the form of new jobs for workers and the cessation of the Treaty of Versailles, but it allowed for many scapegoats in which the German people could blame the economic depression and political unrest on. The German people looked onto Hitler as a sort of savior. Hitler's expertise in propaganda helped him to come to power because no matter how evil his methods were, he controlled the information that the general public received. Hitler was able to convince the public that everything he was doing was to save Germany from the people who wanted to destroy her. In the public's eye he was a hero. These factors along with his unbendable will allowed Adolf Hitler to eventually take control of every aspect of life in Germany. His dispensing of decrees was so fast after he took office that no one was able to react or retaliate until it was much too late. As stated by Goethe, "I have often felt a bitter sorrow at the thought of the German people, which is so estimable in the individual and so wretched in the generality." (Shirer, William L. The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany) Hitler created an agenda of what he wanted accomplished and nothing could stand in his way of attaining his goals. He would lie to make allies, intimidate to get his way, and then smooth it all over to the public through his propaganda and oratory abilities. "Both Goebbels and Hitler had understood how to unleash mass instincts at their meetings, how to play on the passions that underlay the veneer of ordinary respectable life." (Speer, Albert. Inside the Third Reich) Because of this, the popularity of the party only rose in the Reichstag from 12 members in 1928, to 107 members in 1930, to over 230 members in 1932. Hitler also had the support of Alfred Hugenberg, a millionaire who owned 53 newspapers, all of which backed Hitler.



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Approximate Word count = 2792
Approximate Pages = 11 (250 words per page double spaced)


  

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