Grayson Goldman

European History Term Paper

Napoleon Bonaparte's invasion of Russia was a major factor in his downfall. In 1812, Napoleon, whose alliance with Alexander I had disintegrated, launched an invasion into Russia that ended in a disastrous retreat from Moscow. Thereafter, all of Europe, including his own allies, Austria and Prussia, united against him. Although he continued to fight, the odds he faced were impossible. In April 1814, Napoleon's own marshals refused to continue the struggle and stepped down from their positions. During the actual Russian campaign, there were many key factors that greatly impacted his downfall. The largest army ever assembled for one single invasion was reduced to a mere fraction of its original size. Because of the rebellions from his allies, Austria and Prussia, Napoleon had to fight a war on both the western and the eastern front. The losses he suffered in Russia greatly affected his future campaigns.

Throughout his reign, Napoleon was able to overcome many obstacles that others before him could have only dreamed. One was the idea of

1. Austin, Paul. 1812: Napoleon in Moscow. Greenhill Books, London & Pennsylvania. 1995.

4. Saglamer, Emin. 1812: Napoleon's March to Russia.

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Approximate Word count = 2060
Approximate Pages = 8 (250 words per page double spaced)