Expansion Overseas made Rome a mighty empire for a short period of time, until both the Empire

and the republic became unstable and eventually broke down. Hooker, author of "Roman History" in 1996 states:

Roman history begins in a small village in central Italy; this unassuming village would grow into a small metropolis, conquer and control all of Italy, southern Europe, the Middle East, and Egypt, and find itself, by the start of what no other people had managed before: the ruled the entire world under a single administration for a considerable amount of time. This imperial rule, which extended from Great Britain to Egypt, from Spain to Mesopotamia, was a period of remarkable peace. The Romans would look to their empire as the instrument that brought law and justice to the rest of the world; in some sense, the relative peace and stability they brought to the world did support this view. The

After all, the city had twice troubled Rome. And, in any case, Carthage was harming Roman mercantile interests. Cato took the lead in these arguments. He was a prestigious statesmen with a prestigious reputation. He was the classic virtuous Roman and he didn't mind that others knew it. His public career was spotless, his marriage was perfect, his oratory was compelling, his values were conservative, and all in all he got on some people's nerves. Cato began to urge that the only sure defense against resurgent Carthage was to destroy it. Rome would never be safe so long as Carthage stood. He made a campaign of it: Carthago delenda est! -Carthahe must be destroyed! In the 150s this was Cato's slogan, repeated endlessly. At parties he would bring it up-- Carthago delenda est! In the Senate he might be speaking on any subject, but always found a way to work in his slogan: the harbor t Ostia should be expanded... and a Carthage must be destroyed! The appointment of Gaius Gaius to provincial governor should be approved... and Carthage must be destroyed! A vote of thanks to a loyal tribal chieftain... and Carthage must be destroyed! In the end, Cati got his wish. I might claim that Rome went to war simply to hush the old boy up, but alas Carthage gave Rome all the excuse it needed.

despise and mistrust. He chose instead to project the benevolent image of savior and protector of the people. In 27BC he took the title of Imperator Caesar Agustus, " The Great Victor and Ruler." But Octavian himself never used the title of emperor, preferring to be called either Augustus or princeps, meaning "first citizen". Whatever he chose to call himself at the time, he was in fact the first in a long line of Roman Emperors. Beginning with his reign, Rome and its provinces became known as the Roman Empire. Agustus enjoyed a long, successful, and peaceful reign. After more than a century of bloodshed, power struggles, and civil strife, the Roman people were thankful for the order and stability he brought. In time, most people remembered the days of the republic as a time of troubles and chaos and the idea of restoring it steadily died out. Though the system that had brought Rome power and prestige for five hundred years was gone, Rome's days of glory were not over. The Romans were embarking on a new era of accomplishments that would profoundly affect the many lands and peoples they would encounter and thereby help to shape the next two thousand years of world history.

elements: early and convincing victories and the defection of the Italian allies. Hannibal was gambling everything on these. War came in 218, when a quarrel broke out over the Roman colony of Saguntum. The Romans believed they could easily contain Hannibal in Spain, but he gave the Roman army the slip and was across the Pyrenees almost before the Romans know what had happened.

6. Hooker, R. (1996). "Rome the Late Empire". Internet. (http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/Rome/HISTORY.htm) .

6. Hooker, R. (1996). "Rome the Late Empire". Internet. (http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/Rome/HISTORY.htm) .

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Approximate Pages = 21 (250 words per page double spaced)