During the 1920's, NanJing only had a population of 250,000. However, during the 1930's, the city was highly populated with over one million residents. This increase was a result of the Japanese occupation and countless refugees fleeing to the city from Manchuria and other Chinese areas to the east of NanJing. The city of NanJing was a safe city for the Chinese until Japanese forces advanced towards it from Shanghai on November 11th, 1937. The Japanese planes bombed the wealthy and more populated areas of the city. The most devastating bombing occurred on September 25th, 1937. Its targets were focused upon hospitals with a red

Unit 731 contained such jars with feet, heads, internal organs, all labeled. Medical researchers, doctors, dentists, technicians, and scientists all had part to do with this. Fifty different types of experiments were conducted in Unit 731. All chosen spontaneously. The researchers took the deliberately plague infected Chinese, who was not given a vaccine, and cut him open to see the effect of the disease to the man's inside while he was still alive. The Chinese subjects used for the experiments were called marutas, or logs. A former medical worker in Unit 731 said he once saw a 6-foot high glass jar in which a western man was pickled in formaldehyde.7 The man was cut into two pieces, vertically. Medical researchers also locked up diseased prisoners with healthy ones, to see how various ailments would spread. The doctors even locked victims in pressure chambers to see how long the body would withstand before the eyes popped out of its sockets. Doctors even experimented on a three-day-old baby, measuring the temperature inside the infant's middle finger.8 The needle was stuck in the finger to keep the baby's fist from clenching and making the experiment easier. One experiment was to see which method was best to treat frostbite. Part of the unit held a freezing machine where they froze different body parts of the "logs" and tried various ways to dehydrate it again.

The Japanese army finally left NanJing when the United States bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki. After the six weeks of horror, NanJing was left in ruins. Nothing was left except the dead bodies that emitted an unbearable smell for miles around.

The Chinese were used as dummies for other experiments outside of the unit. Tied to stakes in a pattern in a proving ground called Anda, the Chinese were used to see how effective the new technological weapons were. They wanted to know how many people the bomb would kill and the distance from the bomb the person was placed. Few survived that experiment so few Chinese had surgery, and those who died received autopsies. Ishii's soldiers even went so low as to hand out chocolate candy laced with anthrax to starving Chinese children. Japanese troops also dropped cholera and typhoid cultures in wells and ponds, but the results were often counterproductive. In 1942, germ warfare specialists distributed dysentery, cholera and typhoid in Zhejiang Province in China, but Japanese soldiers themselves became ill and 1,700 died of the diseases.9

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Approximate Word count = 1682
Approximate Pages = 7 (250 words per page double spaced)