The Civil War was an inevitable conflict that was bound to explode due to the differences between the North and South societies, slavery, and politics. After Independence, the complexity of the American society grew. The three components that contributed to this complexity was the shift away form small-scale, largely subsistence farming by substantial numbers of northerners; the migration of thousands of white Americans and black slaves, and the renewal of slavery as a viable economic system. Together, these triggered a sharpening conflict between economic interests, social classes and regions that were frequently manifested in party politics.

During the first half of the nineteenth century, economic differences between the regions of the North and South increased. By 1830, cotton was the chief crop of the South, and it represented just over half of all U.S. exports. It continued to expand and by 1836, it represented nearly two thirds of all American exports (Enduring Visions, 244). The profitability of cotton completed the South's dependence on the plantation system and its essential compone

As Northern and Southern patterns of living diverged, their political ideas also developed marked differences. The North needed a central government to build an infrastructure of roads and railways, protect its complex trading and financial interests, and control the national currency. They favored a loose interpretation of the United States Constitution and they wanted to grant the federal government increased powers. The South, on the other hand, wanted to reserve all undefined powers to the individual states. They were not in favor of the internal improvements such as more roads, railroads, and canals sponsored by the government as the North was. The South depended much less on the federal government that did other regions, and Southerners therefore felt no need to strengthen it (Notes). In addition, Southern patriots feared that a strong central government might interfere with slavery. These quandaries set the pace for the inevitable conflict that was bound to come.

Questions relating to territorial expansion intensified sectional conflict between 1846 and 1848. When the war ended in 1848, the United States contained an equal numb

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