A great historian, J.H. Clapham, wrote:' Even if the history of " the industrial revolution" is a thrice-squeezing orange, there remains an astonishing amount of juice in it(Lane 5).' The Industrial Revolution had an overall positive effect on Europe. The Industrial Revolution was a series of dramatic changes in the way work was done(World History 473).

Before the Industrial Revolution, most of all the work was done by hand. People used to plant crops, weave cloth, and make shoes by hand. Beginning in the mid 1700's, people began to use machinery to do more of their jobs. Waterpower came into use for all kinds of machinery. By 1800, steam power took over for waterpower. The average British person born in 1760 saw more change than the ten generations before theirs. Although the Industrial Revolution began in Britain, its effects soon spread throughout the world.

The Industrial Revolution began in the mid 1700's in the lower parts of Eastern England and Southern Scotland. The Industrial Revolution might not have taken place without the dramatic improvements in farming that began in the early 1700's(473). This agricultural revolution started before the Indust

rial Revolution. Once industrialization began, the two revolutions went hand in hand.

Adam Smith set forth the policy known as laissez-faire. In the 1800's, the idea was popular among the upper class and upper middle class. The British Parliament was controlled by these groups. Those men who owned a substantial amount of land could vote. Workers turned violent in their demands for reform. The government also used violence. Soldiers had to break up a gathering because city officials panicked(Coleman 157).

During the 1700's, the population of Europe began to increase more rapidly than at any earlier time. The population of western Europe in 1750 was around 140 million. In the 100 years from 1750 to 1850, the numbers increased at a phenomenal rate. By 1850, there were about 266 million Europeans(474). Historians are still contemplating what caused the population explosion. The rapid population growth helped quicken industrial progress. With more people, there was an increasing demand for food and other goods. The population growth supplied the extra workers that the new factories and businesses needed to meet the rising demand for manufactured goods.

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Approximate Word count = 1752
Approximate Pages = 7 (250 words per page double spaced)