The first thing Roosevelt did was to ask congress to give him broad Executive power to wage a war against the Depression. This power was granted, and the New Deal programs began. An Emergency Banking Relief Bill was passed. It provided for the reopening of all banks. They had been closed due to Roosevelt's four-day bank holiday. When the banks reopened those that were strong enough to stand on their own, did and the ones that didn't were reorganized by the provisions of the Emergency Banking Relief Bill. This was a very conservative act because it left the same bankers in charge.

Roosevelt spoke to the nation on the radio. This was the first of his "fireside chats". He told the public that the banks were reopened and it was safe to deposit money. His reassurance restored confidence in the economic system and the people redeposited their savings in the banks.

The Agricultural Adjustment Act (see paragraph four) may have helped raise farmers' income, but there were many people who still did not have enough food. Six million pigs had been slaughtered, and 10 million acres destroyed. This helped the farmers, but it hurt people all over the country. Also, tenant farmers and sharecroppers didn't benefit much from the New Deal. Relief payments were given to land owning farmers, but the tenant farmers didn't get any compensation. In the South, the number of sharecroppers dropped 30%, which made the homeless population increase dramatically.

Part of the New Deal legislation was to create a minimum wage and a maximum of a forty-hour workweek for children. Unfortunately, it only affected a small percentage of young laborers. In many areas of the country, this was not enforced.

Women's working conditions were improved during the New Deal, but not enough. Maximum hour and minimum wage helped, but women still worked in terrible conditions. Women gained a lot of voting power. But the average woman's income was still much lower than men's were. Also, the Federal Emergency Relief Administration only hired one woman per eight men.

The New Deal seemed to have helped a lot, but it was not enough. Unemployment may have dropped from 25% to 16.9%, but before the depression it was only 3.2%. Manufacturing wages and salaries had reached $13 billion in 1937. However, that was still almost two billion short of what it was before the depression. The New Deal programs were still a long way from ending the Depression.

In 1937 Roosevelt felt very comfortable with the economy and believed that the United State

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