The science spread to America and France and was reintroduced in the German states in the 1830s and 1840s. It died in Britain by the early 1850s. In the 1860s the American Fowler brothers introduced a new movement. Remnants are still seen today from this later movement of phrenology. This latter movement by the Fowler brothers was responsible for the head reading craze the started in the late nineteenth century. Phrenology also became well known for its anthropological/racial concerns.

rehead was associated with ones higher intelligence. Gall took his ideas to the general public when his theories started to be ridiculed by other scientists. He began to give "readings" in which he described ones personality based on measuring the bumps on a person's head.

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Approximate Word count = 556
Approximate Pages = 2 (250 words per page double spaced)