Comparative Psychology
Since Lorenz' discovery of obedient imprinting in 1935, the interpretation of this behavioral phenomenon has changed several times. Lorenz himself always emphasized the distinctive nature of imprinting processes (the main variants: filial, sexual, food, and habitat) when compared with other kinds of learning. However, today, we speak of sensitive, rather critical periods, and we now know that secondary imprinted attachments can be as stable as primary ones, thereby limiting the impact of assumed reversibility. Nevertheless, in his study of imprinting, Lorenz did more than describe a new and special category of behavior he was the first to understand how specific genetic constraints can define the structure of a learning mechanism. Consistent with there being specialized learning mechanisms, twenty years later, using rats, John Garcia (1955) demonstrated ! for the first time that not every case of associative learning can be explained by simply referring to a small set of general (or even universal) learning rules. Meanwhile, it has been argued that it is possible to co
Infants (1943), in which she maintained that mother love is a prerequisite for satisfactory development. Group 3- Altered sky with another fixed star Garcia, J., Kimeldorf, D.J & Koelling, R.A. (1955) A Conditioned Aversion Towards Saccharin Resulting from Exposure to Gamma Radiation. Science 122 157-158 nclusively resolve the misleading innate/acquired dichotomy by treating phylogeny as the exclusive source of ontogenetic novelties (Heschl, 1990). This explains how once the ultimate functions of a behavior pattern in a particular species is understood it is possible to predict the necessary proximate structure of that behavior. l. Hence, juveniles often develop preferences for the foods they have eaten together with their parents. Habitat imprinting must guarantee that the young profit from remembering the qualities of the site where they were successfully reared. Hence, when they encounter new environments, the offspring of certain species will prefer those which resemble their birthplace. Now, I propose that the structure of any commonly believed example of associative learning is the result of exactly the same selection principles. Consequently, by applying evolutionary theory to learning research, the so-called "general laws of association" become nothing but the highly specific result of natural selection, as different or similar as species in which the learning occurs. Nisbett, Alec. (1976) Konrad Lorenz. Library of Congress Lorenz, Konrad.(1988) On Live and Living. New York: St. Martin's Press.
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Approximate Word count = 2120
Approximate Pages = 8 (250 words per page double spaced)
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