During the first few years of his presidency, Jackson made series of reforms which had substantially altered the government powers and public officials. One significant policy he executed was the spoils system. Through the spoils system, public officials would be removed or downgraded if their performance were poor or problematic; therefore, no longer are there any life-time appointments "rights" to these officials. "The total number of removals during this long period had probably been less than one hundred, and nearly all of these had been for good cause, such as misbehavior or incompetenc

Clearly, the election of 1828 and 1840 were the two most significant events in establishing the two-party system. As common people became involved in politics and more people were going to vote, candidates such as John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay needed a stronger party that could cover a broad field of audiences to support them. Individualists and party-independent candidates, like the time when George Washington was elected as the 1st President, would not work well in the 1820s and 1830s because they lacked capital, human resources and most prominently, a firm image to cover those broad range of people. But large parties could achieve such goals. In 1828, for instance, the Democratic Party was responsible for the triumph of Jackson by portraying him as the people's hero in War of 1812. Then in 1840, in order for Whigs to win the Democrats, they unified to portray William Henry as the successor of Jackson, and they criticized Democrats' candidate, Van Buren, for his "aristoc!

As another biggest and the opposing party of Whigs, the Democratic Party was created after the election of 1824 when Jackson had lost the election and "the will of the people had been defeated, the spirit of the Constitution violated ...,the cry of 'corrupt bargain' between Adams and Clay" (History of Nations, U.S. vol I p.465). The Democratic Party, which had lasted for long time until now, adopted the negative liberal state. Democrats in the 19th century firmly believed that it was inappropriate for the government to influence the market economy - not to push nor to regulate it. They wished that the society could be as simple as the Jeffersonian Republic, and that the market economy would regulate and control itself without any help from the government. Because of their non-interrupting policies and their hope for restoring simplicity of the society, the Democratic Party favored mostly common people who were in poverty and owned no lands, no slaves.

ed many more eligible white voters and stimulated them to vote, which switched the source of politics from merely an aristocratic game before the 19th century to a common people's business during the election of 1824. This switching was the major cause for the beginning of "new politics" - the two-party system.

Some common words found in the essay are:
National Bank, Democratic Party, Illus Oxford, History Nations, George Washington, Party Whigs, South Carolina, Court President, Mississippi Florida, Supreme Court, market economy, two-party system, democratic party, common people, 19th century, nations vol, public officials, national bank, history nations vol, history nations, influence market economy, war 1812, system american politics, indians market economy, two-party system american,
Approximate Word count = 1553
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page double spaced)