Karl Marx and Communist Russia: A Man and a Revolution
Russia, from the late nineteenth century onward, has been a nation of many unsuccessful experiments in government. Probably the most famous, however, was the Communist revolution of 1917, set in motion by the visionary Karl Marx. Marx planted the seed of revolution into a world where he thought it was desperately needed. Although he never lived to see the fruits of his labor, the impact he made on the world is too significant to ignore. Karl Marx was influenced by many experiences throughout his life. These influences shaped him into the man who would be the driving force behind one of the most unforgettable moments in history. Much of Marx's character came from his experiences as a child. When he was young, he displayed a lofty Christian idealism, paving his way into philosophical study. His father, since he was a lawyer, a constitutionalist, a democrat, and a Jew, drew much of the Prussian authorities' unwarranted suspicion. This probably led young Karl to consider the structure of the government and possibly even instill a healthy discontent with it. Karl Marx was also an educated man; in 1836, he enrolled at the University of Berlin. There he learned about Georg Wilhelm Hegel and his Law of Thought, called the dia
On a personal level, Lenin was very confident. He had no doubt that his political beliefs would be proven correct. He pursued all controversies, friendly or not, with great zeal. He was vicious in debate, and totally inclusive in his criticisms. He was totally indifferent to his opponent's relation to him. He lost many allies that way, but he gained much respect. urrent system. Marx surmised that Capitalism and its principle flaws allowed humanity to arrive at its current status. Even before he became one of its major forces, Marx had a lot of exposure to Communism. For a time, he worked as the editor of Rheinische Zeitung, a radical German publication (de Bono 144). This allowed him to refine and practice his philosophy. Eventually, though, his radical political activities caught up with him, and a wary government exiled him. He traveled to Paris, where he almost immediately became involved in several Communist societies. In Paris, Marx noticed the direct distinction between workers and bourgeoisie. This was the first time that he called for a proletarian uprising with conviction. However, the French government eventually became wise to his activities, and also exiled him. From there, he settled in Brussels in 1845. Feuerbach's The Essence of Christianity brought Hegel's theory into the real world. It contained the necessary ideas to convert Hegel's God-powered universe into the real world, as it was perceived by Marx's generation. By analyzing "the essence of Christianity," Marx was able to replace the God in Hegel's equation with concrete factors. Thus, Hegel's ideas were suitable to be revised later in Marx's life to fit his own philosophy. The next event in Karl Marx's life was also his most significant. He developed the economic theory and philosophy of Marxism. However, Marxism was by no means a passive philosophy; it was meant to be instituted into a society. Karl Marx made this very clear when he said "Philosophers have only given varying interpretations of the world - the important thing is to change it" (de Bono 145). Marx assumed that humanity would eventually reach perfection as a result of progress. He only wondered how. With the final result of human existence already determined, Marx set about to fixing the current society. He believed that society should be altered for the benefit of the exploited and disenfranchised, essentially saying that those who are behind should be helped along until a balance is reached. He saw humanity's history as a struggle to take from nature its means for survival. Friedrich Engels' greatest influence on Marx, however, was his bond with Marx. Marx was constantly in debt. This probably furthered his dislike for Capitalism. Engels would help him out of debt whenever he could, and sometimes when he couldn't. This overwhelming generosity strengthened Marx's love and respect for brotherhood and sharing, and thus, Communism. Engels, perhaps too good of a friend, instilled a bit too much faith in his fellowman into Marx. Engels even allowed Marx and his family to stay with him in certain cases, and took responsibility for Marx's illegitimate child for years (de Bono 144). Friedrich Engels was probably the key reason that Marx thought that Communism could and would work. Marxism's effects on society were clearly visible when it became widely known. It became a theoretical foundation for future actions. Political scientists would use it as a springboard for many studies of society. Marx, however would have thought these were useless. It also prompted the revolutionary action to chance society that Marx had originally hoped for. The next two revolutions were successful. The first revolution occurred in March 1917, during World War I. A provisional government was formed. The day after, Nicholas abdicated. Alexander Kerensky led the new government. The next revolution was the famous Octobrist revolution of 1917. The Bolsheviks s
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Approximate Word count = 2805
Approximate Pages = 11 (250 words per page double spaced)
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