Chad has two main climate zones throughout the country. Theses two areas are

; tropical in the south and desert in the north. The northern part of Chad is hot and arid. The central part has three different seasons: hot from March to July; rainy from July to October, with most rainfall averaging from about 10 to 30 inches and cool during the remaining four months. The southern part has a similar season outlook but receives more rain, about 45 inches of rain in the same four months. The Lake Chad Basin has a great range of tropical climates from north to south, although most of the climates are dry. Except for the far north, most of the regions are characterized by a cycle of alternating rainy and dry seasons. In any given year, the length of the season can be determined by the position of two huge air masses. "During the rainy season, winds from

In 1986 Chad's Gross Domestic Product, (GDP), was about $817 million US dollars. In the mid-1980's war, drought, famine, and low prices for cotton made Chad one of the five poorest countries in the world. Agriculture contributed about 46 percent of GDP in 1986. Dominated by cotton growth in the south. Approximately 83 percent of economically active people are farmers or herders. Sorghum and millet are major food crops. Chad's industry is not very well developed but contributed almost 18 percent of GDP. Industry also employed only about 5 percent of the work force. Sectors were dominated by agribusiness. Mining, especially oil extraction, holds some promise of development. Chad imported 206.1 million US dollars of good in 1986; most of them were mainly manufactured goods and food, mostly from France and the United States. Export estimates were around 98.6 million US dollars, of which cotton constituted 43 percent. Remaining exports are fish, meat, and animal produc!

"Chad's remoteness, its inadequate infrastructure, its recent history of war, drought, famine, and its dependency on a single cash crop-cotton-for export earnings made it one of the poorest countries in the world in the mid 1980's. Chad's gross national product per capita was only $160 million dollars in the mid 1980's, and Chad was ranked among the five poorest countries in the world (A Country Study)." Chad's economy is based almost entirely on agriculture and pastoralism. An estimated 83 percent of the country's economically active population work in agriculture, 5 percent work in industry, and 12 percent were working in services, including government employing, trade, and other service activities. Cotton processing, which includes ginning fresh picked cotton into fiber for export, some spinning and weaving, and producing edible oil from cotton seed for local consumption, dominated Chad's industry. "Chad's economy was dependent on a single cash crop-cotton. Like most !

nd obeyed, to oversee a civilian government that required broad consensus formation. Political communication was generally one directional, from the president down. "Both before and after the Chadian Civil War, the government participated in the economy and fostered a liberal economic development policy. It encouraged foreign investment, both public and private, and in 1987 had under review the Investment Code of 1963. The objective was to minimize regulations for the private manufacturing sector and particularly for smal-land medium-sized enterprises (A Country Study)." The government considered the public sector a complement to, and not a substitute for, the private sector, because of the country's narrow productive base and limited cash economy. This participation primarily took the form of mixed public and private marketing enterprises, called parastatals.

"Chad." CIA/ the World Fact Book 1999. Internet. Available: http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/cd.html (8 May 2000)

other single-crop economies in the Third World, when world commodity prices were high, conditions improved. When those prices fell, conditions worsened (A Country Study)." Despite several important economical swings, during the 1970's and early 1980's, cotton prices were good. Chad's cotton revenue peaked in 1983 and 1984 only to fall in 1985 nearly crippling the cotton industry. Chad's lack of resources limit the exploitation of mineral deposits. Chad's only mining industry was the traditional exploitation of sodium carbonate in dried beds around Lake Chad. Cattle and beef exports followed cotton in economical importance. Cattle and beef exports accounted for about 30 to 60 percent of all exports from 1975 to 1985. Approximately 29 percent of Chadians depend almost entirely on livestock to survive. Since its independence, Chad has depended on outside donations and regional institutions for economic survival and development.

Dakar, Senegal. T

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