The Mongols rode all across Asia to find themselves on a great, flat plain, the location of Russia at the time. Due to the geographical location of the Russian villages, the Mongols, with their skilled and massive armies, took over most of Russia under the leadership of Genghis Khan. The Mongols were very skilled and had 1 main military tactic- go in the village, destroy buildings and kill just about everyone, keep some as slaves.

After the powerful Mongols took over the Russian capital, Kiev, the Russians felt as if there was nothing they could do, except for Ivan III. Ivan III built a large, powerful army to take out the Mongols. They floated downstream from Moscow down to Kiev and slaughtered the Mongols. Ivan dominated the Russian-Mongol cities. He adopted the Orthadox Church, forms of democracy, and the Cyrillic alphabet from the highly advanced Greeks. After defeating the Mongols, and expanding Russian borders, Ivan III was given the title as the Czar, the Russian word meaning Caesar, a great Roman leader, and was known as Ivan The

Alexander II, the son of Nicholas I ruled Russia in 1855. He had to stop the Crimean War started by his father. They eventually lost that war against Britain and France. He did win some wars gaining land in central Asia and in the Far East.

Another one of Peter's projects included creating a modern army and navy. He thought a powerful military was a top priority. His navy started with 1 boat and by the time he was finished there were a total of 28 000 men, 787 minor warships and 48 major warships.

The building of a new capital was Peter's idea, although the people thought it was stupid and useless, it still got done. The location was far away and in a bad spot. The labor (mainly serfs) had to drain out swamps, move giant boulders and carry brick, stone and wood great distances. Eventually the building of St. Petersburg was completed and an estimated 20 000- 40 000 people died during the building.

This force often tortured and killed innocent people and boyar estates were suspected of treason so the force burned the peasant villages within the estates. In one month Ivans assassins killed 60 000 people.

Nicholas II was the final Czar of Russia. He looked up to his father, Alexander III, but had no desire to become a Czar. He would rather do something in the military. He married a German princess who adopted the Orthadox religion.

Russian borders got even larger with Peter The Great running the show. He attacked Sweden and Turkey. Europeans were surprised with Russia's great power.

Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 1259
Approximate Pages = 5 (250 words per page double spaced)