on "The Black Death" by Philip Ziegler
In the 1340's, approximately one third to one half the population of Europe was wiped out by what was called "The Black Death". The people of the time were armed with little to no understanding of why and how the plague happened and how to control it; and this allowed for the vast destruction that occurred in little more than three years time. The origin of the epidemic has, with little doubt, been identified as Lake Issyk-Koul in what is now a part of Russian Central Asia. A flood, or some other natural disaster, drove various rodents from their habitats around the lake; and with them they carried fleas infected with the plague. A species of wild rodents normally isolated from humanity spread the plague to the more common black rat, which has been riding on board ships since man first set sail. The plague then followed the trade routes all over Europe. "Ships arrived from Caffa at the port of Messina, Sicily. A few dying men clung to the oars; the rest lay dead on the dec!ks... Ships that carried the coveted goods of the fabled East now also carried death. The Pestilence had come to the shores of Europe" (Wark). The accounts of the plague tell of the symptoms being 'tumors in the groin or the armpits' and 'black livid spot
s on the arm or thigh', typical symptoms of Bubonic plague. However, Bubonic plague normally takes several days to kill, and many accounts tell of victims falling dead inside one day of contracting the disease. The variance in the cases of the Black Death are the workings of three strains of the plague: the plague proper; a pulmonary (air-borne) version, characterized by the vomiting of blood; and a septicaemic variant, capable of killing in several hours, before typical symptoms can even develop. The people the plague threatened knew neither the source of the disease, nor how to protect themselves from it. "It was said that the cause of the Pestilence or The Great Mortality -- 14th-century names for the contagion -- was a particularly sinister alignment of the planets, or a foul wind created by recent earthquakes. Other theories existed. 'Looks,' according to on! ising themselves they could avert the wrath of God, and save mankind. In great processions of hundreds to thousands of people, they moved from town to town. Upon arrival, they took over the churches for their special mass, and then made their way to the public meeting place, where they would proceed to whip themselves into a bloody frenzy. Using whips with three or four thongs tipped with metal studs, they would sometimes embed the spikes so deep in their flesh 'they could only be pulled out with a second wrench'. For all their self-sacrifice, the Flagellants are still to be abhorred, as they eagerly sought to make a sacrifice out of another, unwilling group, the Jews. It was also believed by some that they were to blame for the plague. These suspicions were fostered in a most deplorabl
Some common words found in the essay are:
Decameron Wark, Pestilence Mortality, Black Death, Central Asia, Europe Wark, Messina Sicily, , History Vol, Europe Ships, black death, Communications Inc, plague run, bubonic plague, typical symptoms,
Approximate Word count = 1124
Approximate Pages = 4 (250 words per page double spaced)
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