along. It also formed layering in the sand at which the point the water had reached.North

of the ocean and the beach are the primary dunes.  The beach is low and the dunes are

higher and usually shaped like a hill.  Salt air blows off of the ocean and prevents plants,

trees, and shrubs from growing on the beach and the primary dune

b.The primary dune acts as a barrier to the extreme winds and waves of the ocean.  It

also protects the forest from the harmful salt spray, which would keep the vegetation

c. The flora on the primary dune are that there are some high grasses but not many ,

they high/tall grasses are located further back on the beach . The fauna are some

white-tailed deer, mosquitoes, ticks, crabs and other sea animals and perhaps some tics in

d. There are so few plants located on he beach because water from he ocean washes

their climax stage and box turtles became more common. Finally, the Sunken Forest

feet or more below sea level. In many places on Fire Island the groundwater comes right

c. The fallen leaves on he ground provide the nutrients that go into the soil making it

fertile. It is very dark in color showing that the soil in the forest is reach unlike the

changed over the course of 300 years. The protection of the primary and secondary

effected by this and are able to latch onto the sand.

6.a. The salt spray from the ocean is very harsh to all the plant and wildlife but the

Some common words found in the essay are:
, Sunken Forest, Fire Island, Racer Freshwater, sunken forest, primary dune, water ocean washes, lee primary dune, beach water ocean, primary secondary dunes, soil fertile, ocean washes, white-tailed deer, water ocean, plants trees, beach water, salt spray, located beach,
Approximate Word count = 680
Approximate Pages = 3 (250 words per page double spaced)