Roosevelt called a special session of Congress lasting from March 9 until June 16 in 1933. Roosevelt began to put his "New Deal" into action. With a democratic majority in Congress on his side, Roosevelt churned out legislation rapidly from the generally sluggish machine of Congress. Banks had been closing all over the country due to frightened citizens withdrawing all of their money. In order to increase

ke cotton and wheat. In one of the areas in America hit hardest by the Depression, the Tennessee River Valley, an act named after the valley was formed to create a "planned economy." The Tennessee River was to be dammed up in several places to prevent flooding in the area, create jobs in building the dams, and to provide large amounts of inexpensive hydroelectric power. Low-cost housing, lots of cheap nitrates, restoration of eroded soil, improved navigation, flood control, and reforestation were other effects of the Tennessee Valley Act. The Federal Housing Administration began to stimulate the building industry by giving homeowners small loans for improving their home or constructing new ones. The United States Housing Authority lent money to states and communities for more low cost construction. These two actions caused the size of slums in America to not only stop growing, but to decrease in number. The Social Security Act of 1935, one of the most important acts passed by !

Moving on from this, Roosevelt decreed that all privately owned gold be turned in to the Treasury and to be paid back in paper money. He then took the nation off of the gold standard and cancelled the gold payment clause for all contracts. After this, Roosevelt reduced the gold content of the dollar to 59.06 cents. All of these measures were taken as an attempt to control inflation and to start up businesses.

Roosevelt and his "New Dealers", provided for unemployment insurance and old-age pensions, as well as pensions for other dependents such as the handicapped or the blind. This act has outlasted the New Deal Administration and the Great Depression, and remains one of the legacies of Roosevelt.

All of these bills were part of Roosevelt's complicated, experimental, and radical plan, supported by his "three R's", Relief, Recovery, and Reform. Roosevelt's ideas of a big government were opposed by conservatives and businesses, who had enjoyed years of laissez-faire. However, most Americans gladly embraced the New Deal as saving the country. Roosevelt was criticized for spending so much, but now some economists say that he should have spent more. Roosevelt's New Deal was a brand new approach to government that greatly limited states rights, strongly favored workers and unions, and formed programs that for many critics were borderline socialist. The New Deal had Progressive roots in labor, and some plans similar to Hoover's attempts at helping the country before Roosevelt came into office, but at a much grander scale. The New Deal was evolutionary, but needed a brilliant man such as Roosevelt to guide and lead the movement in order to achieve the success that it did. Witho!

The National Labor Relations Act and the National Labor Relations Board reasserted the labor force's rights of self-organization and chosen representatives. Labor rights continued to improve with the Fair Labor Standards Act, or the Wages and Hours Bill. Any inter-state industry was given regulated minimum-wage and maximum hour levels. Children under sixteen were not allowed to work and sixteen to eighteen year olds were barred from dangerous work.

The Agricultural Adjustment Administration attempted to form as "artificial scarcity" by giving farmers compensation for growing less acreage. However, the intentional destruction of crops and the use of slaughtered pigs as fertilizer increased scrutiny of a plan that wasted food while so many went hungry. This particular plan failed, but a revision of the original idea succeeded with the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act of 1936. This planned to remove acreage from production while conserving the soil from erosion that had taken so much of the topsoil during drought and high winds. In order to accomplish this, farmers were paid to plant soil conserving crops or to let the land lie fallow. This was much more successful than its predecessor. The Second Agricultural Adjustment Act, passed two years later, continued

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Approximate Pages = 11 (250 words per page double spaced)