Human Genome
The Human Genome Project (HGP) is an international research effort to characterize the genomes of humans through complete mapping and sequencing of their DNA, to develop technologies for genomic analysis, and to train scientist who will be able to utilize the tools and resources developed through the project to pursue biological studies that will improve human health. The U.S. part of the HGP is coordinated by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH). A genome is all the DNA in an organism, including it's genes. Genes carry information for making all the proteins required by all organisms. These proteins determine, among other things, how the organism looks, acts, processes and fights infections. DNA is made up of four similar chemicals (bases, adenine *A*, Thymine *T*, cytosine *C*, and guanine *G*) that are repeated millions or billions of times throughout a genome. The human genome has three billion base pairs. The order of these base pairs are extremely important and determine everything in an organism. When did the Human Genome Project Begin? The Human Genome Project started in the mid-1980's and was discussed widely
Smaller goals include, to identify all the approximately 100,000 genes in human DNA, to determine the sequences of the three billion chemical bases that make up human DNA, to store this information in databases, to develop faster and more efficient sequencing technologies, to develop tools for data analysis, and to address the ethical, legal and social issues (ELSI) that may arise from the project. throughout the scientific community and public press in the last years of the decade. In the United States, DOE first and soon afterward NIH were the main research agencies within the US government responsible for developing and planning the project. By 1988, the two agencies were working together, and their relationship was formalized by the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding, to coordinate research and technical activities related to the human genome. The initial planning process culminated in 1990 with the publication of a joint research plan. 2. "About the Human Genome Project," Human Genome Project Information. Www.ornl.gov/hgmis (Dec. 21, 2000) In HGP there are two types of sequences, the draft and the high quality. To get the draft sequence, scientist determine the order of base pairs in each chromosomal area at least four to five times to ensure
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