The Bacchae
Throughout Euripides' tragedy The Bacchae, there are many themes and symbols that allude to a deeper and more philosophical meaning to the play. This play is extremely complex, in an attempt to break it down symbolically, it can be argued why the symbolism and themes presented are philosophically important. Wisdom and recklessness, the unknown and the exotic, the foreign and the divine, the battle between the sexes, and civilization versus nature and hunting are some of the opposing themes and symbols seen throughout the play. These themes all lead to one major underlying theory being that to be infinite, one must be subservient to the Gods, if your are not, consequences will lead to one being finite. Pentheus and Dionysus are symbols for these different forces in the play. The Bacchae is about all of these forces, and the symbolism behind them.One major symbol in the play is wisdom, which takes many different forms in the play. There is Pentheus' wisdom, of which he believes he is the ultimate source of wisdom. There is also the wisdom of the seer, of the old king, of the divinely possessed Maenads, of the devoted Bacchae, and finally of the God himself. All of these characters command a different form of wisdom; and from
Wisdom's opposite, recklessness, is a deep ignorance about oneself and the nature of the universe, and is yet another symbol in the personalities of the characters in The Bacchae. Throughout the play, it leads to excess, anxiety. It is a trait possessed by many of the old and almost all of the young. Pentheus is the prime example of a man inflicted with this trait. He is impatient, bullying, and at times brutal. He irrationally rejects Dionysus and the new religion; his unthinking and uncompromising scorn for popular holiness and the new teachings is neither rational nor open-minded. His recklessness leads him to believe that he is infinitely strong, even against the Gods. This is a deeply tragic way of thinking in that it eventually leads to the tearing apart of his body. The lesson learned here, is that if you enjoy life, as with Dionysus, you are infinite. You may die, but your spirit will be resurrected infinitely. In contrast, if you chose to battle the Gods as Penthe! The battle between the sexes is also a symbolic battle throughout the play. Pentheus seeks to preserve order and control when Dionysus comes with a new religion that presents women as powerful and dominant. He takes the women from Thebes and gives them powers beyond those of mortal men; his presence is a threat to the very foundations of Pentheus' ordered society. Pentheus seeks to preserve order, the male dominated order with which he is familiar. But there is a fine line between acting out of the common good and acting out of self-interest. As a free male, Pentheus is the prime beneficiary of Greek civilization. Dionysus, with his genderless nature, female-dominated rites, and barbarian culture, represents everything that Pentheus despises. The use of the Maenads shows clever perceptions about society. Greek order, as Euripides often depicts it, is based on certain oppressive hierarchies: free above slave, rich above poor, Greek above barbarian, men above women. Greek civil! ization is linked to the oppression of women. By giving the Maenads supernatural powers and taking them from their domestic chores a
Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 1415
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page double spaced)
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