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millgram

1) William James was a psychologist who wrote like a novelist. In 1876, he created, and began, teaching the first psychology course offered in this country. James had a two-volume text for his courses titled "Principles of Psychology". James saw that psychology had to look to the natural environment for much of its information. He thought that laboratory experiments were not the best route for teaching children. James's best known effort was to convince educators that the observations, thoughts, and questions they brought out of their work with children would be a significant source of "scientific feedback". James wanted educational psychology to study teaching and learning in the classroom in order to view educational problems in their real, or natural, environment. One of the most renowned names in educational psychology stands today as Edward L. Thorndike. Thorndike set out to eliminate speculation, opinion, and naturalistic investigation. Contrary to James, Tho!

rndike considered visiting a classroom an extraordinary waste of time. Thorndike preferred animal testing in a laboratory. Thorndike was best known for his experiments with his cats in


25% of the males expressed some concern, while again, 42% of the females expressed some concern for the above categories. There are two remaining statistics. In the field of "no concern", the percentages were as follows: 75% of the males questioned expressed no concern, and 17% of the females questioned also expressed no concern. The identity formation of the female is delivered a detrimental blow here. The main point made by Archer was that balancing a career and a family is still a concern to women, and not at equal rates as males. Sally Archer frowns upon the idea that the majority of responsibility is placed on the women in present day societies to be the sole caretaker of the family.

Bonus question- The article that I chose was the handout on the Stanley Milgram experiments. This article discusses in detail exactly how Milgram went about doing his famous shock treatments. The subjects in the experiment were paid $4.50, (which was not bad in 1963). This experiment was a test of moral virtue; it tested to see how far a person would actually go, strictly based on solid commands and instructions. After his experiments, Milgram had two main points. The first was the astounding strength of the subjects' tendency to obey. The second was the key observation made during the course of this study was extreme tension and anxiety manifested by the subjects as the obeyed the experiment's commands. Personally, I agree greatly with the main point of the article. Discovering people's moral choices is a very interesting choice of experimentation. The fact that a person would think they were actually imposing harm on another person, and would continue to impose har!

his specially designed puzzle boxes. Thorndike mostly concentrated on one aspect of learning, that of trial and error. Thorndike believed that transfer occurred only when elements in one situation were identical with or at least similar to elements in a second situation. It has been said that Thorndike was so influential that all subsequent research in education was merely a footnote to his work.

salivation to the biscuit is the unconditioned response, and lastly, the salivation to the bell is the conditioned response.

7) Classical conditioning was, for the most part related to Ivan Pavlov, the Russian psychologist. Classical conditioning is as follows: If a neutral stimulus, one that does not elicit a certain response- is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus- one that does automatically elicit a certain response- the neutral stimulus will eventually take on the power to elicit the response (pp.235, given definition.).

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Approximate Word count = 1772
Approximate Pages = 7 (250 words per page double spaced)


  

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