It is the contention of this paper that although one might be encouraged to locate a nexus of interrelationships between agricultural cooperatives in America and current, significant issues in grain exports. It is more likely however, that the crucial relationships involve a "meta-organization" of individual farms of various sizes, agricultural co-ops, various corporations related to agriculture, and United States government departments and organizations; all of which act and react to international grain export challenges.

The effects of normal supply and demand fluctuations, new markets opening, and a myriad of other political-economic factors will, of course, have differing effects on different players. For instance, the agricultural cooperatives will be effected differently than the cereal manufacturers, or even than a large independent farm. Cooperatives are the focus here, but the primary point remains: no matter what the producer-source, grain exports from America are part of a complex constellation of factors.

Moreover, the discussion will include a few concluding remarks on future-oriented issues which focus upon sustainable development. Sustainable

· Counter subsidized foreign competition

The program encourages the participation of agricultural cooperatives specifically; and small farm organizations as well.

The restrictions in trade are controlled by the Office of Foreign Asset Control (OFAC). The main countries targeted for restrictions are:

In addition, as the previous section on "meta-groups" indicated, Americans have an advantage comprised of marketing skills and large, unified support for grain exports which consists of public and private sector forces. This combination of marketing skill, relatively harmonious goals across many diverse groups, and scientific, technical advances in the agricultural scenes gives the U.S. almost overwhelming power to successfully export agricultural products.

Wilken, Elena. "Assault of the Earth." World Watch March/April 1995.

There are a number of current market potentials as well as existing ones. The new markets are those which may not be open to American exports currently, or because of various international embargos/treaties, can not be accessed by American grain producers. In addition, historical changes indicate that the markets themselves change over time. The break-up of the former Soviet Union for instance, has altered the pattern of grain exportation to some of the new nations of that area. Russia is not an arch rival and nuclear enemy any more and this directly effects the grain exports to there.

Some common words found in the essay are:
Brown Halweil, Issues Introduction, Soviet Union, Agricultural Service, Barry Hardin, FAS OFAC, Corporation CCC, Europeans American, Latin America, Advantages American, grain exports, agricultural cooperatives, foreign agricultural service, foreign agricultural, agricultural service, agricultural products, access program, market access, american grain, production levels, grain producers, market access program, corporation ccc help, commodity credit corporation, credit corporation ccc,
Approximate Word count = 1786
Approximate Pages = 7 (250 words per page double spaced)