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James Madison was the fourth president of the United States, he was also one of its founding fathers. In his political career he worked for American independence and helped to establish the government of the new nation. He was secretary of state, and finally president. James Madison was born in 1751 and was raised in Orange County, Virginia. He received most of his schooling at home, from his grandmother. When he was twelve he went to the school of Donald Robertson in King and Queen County. After a few years with Robertson, he studied with Reverend Thomas Martin for about one year. In 1769 he enrolled in the College of New Jersey, which is now Princeton University. Madison concentrated mostly on the study of history, government, and public law. In 1771 he received his degree and pursued some postgraduate studies. Uncertain about a career, he read about literature, theology, and law. In 1774 Madison was elected a member of Orange County's committee of safety, which carried out certain governmental functions as provided by the Continental Congress. In 1776 he was elected a delegate to the Virginia constitutional convention. Here he worked with Virginia legislator Thomas Jefferson in establishing religious freedom as par
t of Virginia law. When the Virginia constitution went into effect in 1776 Madison became a member of the legislature. In the meantime he had been appointed to the governor's council, where he gained valuable experience in politics. In December 1779 Madison was elected to the Continental Congress, where he took his seat the Virginia delegation. He was the youngest man in Congress. After a few months he assumed leading role in Congress. Brugger, Robert J. "James Madison". The World Book Encyclopedia, 13. 1999. Ketcham, Ralph. James Madison. New York: Macmillan, 1971. When Madison took office the Embargo Act of 1807 was replace by the Non-Intercourse Act, which allowed trade to all countries but France and Britain. American ships were being seized at a greater rate, by both countries. In 1810 the Non-Intercourse Act was repealed, and the U.S. started trade with France and Britain again. Biography of James Madison. Left Justified Publinks. Internet. 10 Jan. 2001. http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/glimpse/presidents/html/jm4.html
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