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and freedom were not new ideas. Many political theorists such as Thomas Hobbes and
John Locke had already developed their own interpretations of liberty, and in fact Locke
had already published his views on the social contract. What Rousseau did was to
revolutionize the concepts encompassed by such weighty words, and introduce us to
another approach to the social contract dilemma. What would bring man to leave the state
of nature, and enter into an organized society? Liberals believed it was the guarantee of
protection - liberty to them signified being free from harm towards one's property.
Rousseau's notion of freedom was completely different than that of traditional liberals. To
him, liberty meant a voice, and participation. It wasn't enough to be simply protected
under the shield of a sovereign, Rousseau believed that to elevate ourselves out of the
state of nature, man must participate in the process of being the sovereign that provided
The differences between Rousseau's theories and those of the liberals of his time,
begin with different interpretations of the state of nature. Thomas Hobbes described the
state of nature as an unsafe place, where the threat of harm to one's property was always

the its interests to conflict with the priorities of the citizens, since this would be doing
enslavement would control his every action. From this dismal setting, Hobbes proposed
that all members of the society must take an active role in the sovereign, and here it is
be more intelligent and introspective, when it serves the argument to do so.
law is to attend to his own preservation, his first cares are those he owes himself"(5) , the
contain some holes which limit the existence of such a society. Rousseau does little to
that morals could be developed only in an environment in which people related to and
described by Rousseau, this "advantage" would not be abundantly obvious. In a world in
of nature where "Living in this happy savagery men enjoyed substantial equality; there
Rousseau mentions the most basic form of a society as being the family, yet even a family
in 18th century Europe. This becomes clear in the first line of his discourse: "Man was/is
would give up their individual powers in return for a new kind of equality and a new kind
Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 1781
Approximate Pages = 7 (250 words per page double spaced)
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